Imperialism and socialism in the context of Africa Essay Example for Free

Imperialism and socialism in the context of Africa Essay Cecil Rhodes Social Darwinism advocate states, â€Å"I contend that we are the finest race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better†¦Ã¢â‚¬  King Leopold of Belgium, To open to civilization the only part of the globe where it has yet to penetrate †¦is, I dare to say, a crusade worthy of this century of progress. From the above assertions, it is prudent to note that, colonial powers thought Africa to be devoid of an organization in social, political and economic perspective and therefore they wanted to make Africa, England. In that thought of naivety of the Africans, there were societal structures and organizations which British did not care to observe. However, it was not going to be easy as where two or three cultures interact a clash is inevitable. Although Africa was not a plain or bear continent, Africans had their way of life, structure of government, religion, economic activities, education, systems of marriage and development plans for their societies, nevertheless the British brought their systems which conflicted with Africans established way of life, this was because the British, as many other European powers were economically depressed and Africa appeared to be the only way out. The British wanted to pass the three C’s; Commerce, that is to make money through the acquisition of free labor form Africans, raw materials for their industries as industrial revolution back in Britain was rapidly taking place, a market for their surplus production; Christianity to save Africans.Explorers such as David Livingstone, Vasco Da Gama, Portuguese Diego Cam and Arabs with Muslim faith had missionary zeal. The last C is for Civilization, they wanted to civilize Africans in terms of education, culture and many other aspects. Thu s, to a larger extent, the activities of British heartened conflicts. African traditional religion is rooted in the African culture, it was difficult for Christianity to penetrate through. Portuguese tried in the fifteen century and failed. For Christianity to take the course the Africans had to abandon their culture which was hard so to say. The Missionaries in the nineteenth century, however, came up with an elaborate plan for them to spread Christianity. They introduced through religion, education and health centers which contradicted informal learning and the institution of medicine men. Africans gradually began to embrace Whiteman’s way of life but not without several clashes. These battles are seen in various forms such as spiritual, doctrinal, cultural and practical. The African religion has been given several definitions by different scholars, for instance, Mbiti has elaborated aspects of African religion. In his book African Traditional Religion, Mbiti (1991) African religion is very pragmatic and realistic (p2), he explains that it is applied in circumstances where the need arises. In addition, he states that religion is rooted in the local language, so to comprehend the religious life of an African society one has to understand the local dialect. He further affirms, â€Å"To be an African in the traditional setup is to be truly religious.† (p30) He states that the religion can be seen in five aspects of culture; beliefs, practices, ceremonies and festivals, religious objects and places, values, and morals and religious officials and leaders. He defines African religion as: â€Å"The product of the thinking and experiences of our forefathers and mothers that is men and women of their generations. They formed religious ideas, they observed religious ceremonies and rituals, they told proverbs and myths which safeguarded the life of individual and his community.(pp 13-14) Mbiti notes that African religion has no scriptures as compared to Christianity and other religions, it is written in peoples history, hearts and experiences of the people.(p14) Awolalu in his book Sin and its Removal in the African Traditional Religion defines African religion as â€Å"†¦largely written in the peoples myth and folktales, in their songs and dances, in their liturgies and shrines and in their proverbs and pithy sayings. It is a religion whose historical founder is neither known nor worshipped; it is a religion that has no zeal for the membership drive, yet it offers persistent fascination for Africans, young and old. The African traditional religion was not homogeneous as the communities had different ethnic background thus the religious practices such rituals varied one community to the other. It is worth noting that it was oral, not scripted or written and was passed from one generation to the other by word of mouth, as I earlier alluded in the definitions of religion. Within their organized societal structures, Africans believed in supernatural beings together with ancestral spirits. The ancestral spirits were believed to link the li ving societal members to the gods. Therefore, the African traditional religion was and still is interweaved to the African culture. From the above insights, one cannot talk about African religion without African values as they are intertwined and inseparable. African religion was embedded in moral values or codes or standards which were believed to originate from God through the ancestral spirits, these values when observed one would be rewarded with maybe good harvest from their cultivation of land or increased number of the flock of cattle. When these values have violated the culprits were reprimanded. The concept of values is a vital point as one talks of the African religion. For that reason, African religion is drawn from the African values and Culture. African Culture was the source of law through the moral codes and values passed from generation to generation. From the above description, we can see that law or rules of conduct were embedded in religion and that African religion was interweaved in the African culture. Local dialect was the medium through which African culture and religion were propagated. The African religion had some institutions as Mbiti points out in the aspects of African religion, who presided over religious functions, these institutions were believed to communicate directly to ancestral spirits (living dead) who in turn would communicate to the gods and grievances of the living societal members would be heard. In the Kenyan context, these institutions include Orkoyot of the Nandi, Oloibon of the Maasai, Seers, Diviners, and Rainmakers depending on the ethnic communities which they came from. These institutions apart from the veneration of the ancestors, they blessed warrior before going for war, advised the political leaders, offered sacrifice to god and conducted rituals for the culprits who violated moral values in the community. The gods had some specific names for instance, in Kenyan context, we had Enkai for the Maasai, Encore for the Abagusii, Mulungu for Akamba, Asis the Nandi, Ngai for the Agikuyu and Nyasaye for the Luo. There were specific worship plac es which were regarded as holy, this places included shrines, mountaintops some special trees such as mugumo, hills, and some caves. The diversity of the names given to gods and places of worship, show the lack of uniformity in the African Religion. Consequently, Africans were of different ethnic background and had their own religion, gods, and religion as a community. The clashes can be seen in the five aspects as earlier alluded in Mbiti’s work that is beliefs, practices, ceremonies, festivals, religious objects and places, values, and morals, religious officials and leaders. These aspects of African religion differ from those of Christianity. The Africans believed that their religion was sourced from god, who they believed long before their ancestors’ existence. The British Missionaries conflict with Africans by telling them about the existence of a God who had a son and lived among them many years ago. The religion of British was written (Bible) thus one had to have the ability to read and write in order to understand it, whereas that of African was passed from generation to generation by oral tradition. There is an introduction of a new system of identifying the origin of religion which conflicts with the African system. Language is also conflicted as Africans could not comprehend English, hence missionaries such as Ludwig Krapf translated the Bible into the local dialect. The Africans revered in special caves, Mountaintops, hills, Forests, Special trees (mugumo) and shrines. The British tell Africans that they should worship God places called Churches. This encounter shows that there is a bit of clashing as the African places were very clearly defined and preserved by the community members. The British also seized African land to construct churches or chapels, Africans, as a result, became very hostile as they had distinct worship places which occurred naturally. They believed that their land was in cultivation and a gift from their gods. The Africans practiced their religion by reverence to their ancestors, offering human and animal sacrifices and invoking the ancestral spirits, for instance, the Umira Kager clan believed in spirits in the S.M Otieno case. They offered sacrifices in order to get favors in terms of harvest. The African worship was communal that is, all community members used to convene to pray for rain and ask for the wellness of the community. The British religion had an aspect of confession of one`s sins before worship, repentance, and forgiveness of sin are granted. This aspect of forgiveness of sins lacks in the traditional African religion, one had to be punished for wrongdoing. British missionary religion brings out an aspect of offerings in terms of money and tithe which is ten percent of one`s total earnings. The British advocated for human rights and therefore disregarded and condemned human sacrifices. In African religion, worship was led by Diviners, Rainmakers, and Seers who were considered righteous. The work of religious leaders was taught through apprecentiship and was hereditary from specific clans in the community. There were certain clans from whom diviners would descend. They were highly respected in the community. The British Christian religious leaders attend school to be trained mainly in theology. They study formalities of worship and nature of God. Any member of Christian family can become a religious leader although there are some myths which say one has to be ‘called by God. A Christian leader has to have the ability to read and write so as to pass the scriptures to his congregation. African traditional religion was diverse from one ethnic community to the other due to the linguistic differences, migration patterns and origin. Christianity is introduced as a homogeneous religion as the author of it is Jesus Christ, a common ancestry and reference point for all Christians. The diversity of worship is dismantled by the British introduction of this even religion. Africans were notoriously religious as it was found in each group. Africans who lived as per the traditional way of life were regarded as very religious.it is also worth acknowledging that Africans are at crossroads due to the fact that religion is embedded in the African culture and language. It is thus difficult for Africans to fully be committed to Christianity as being fully whole-hearted means they will have to abandon some of the partaking of African culture and indigenous dialect by embracing the Whiteman’s language and culture. This has already happened as some dedicated African Christians according to Quarcoopome (1987), refer to traditional religion as paganism, fetish, and animism. References. Awolalo, JO, Sin and Its Removal from the African Traditional Religion (1976) History and Government Form One to Four, KLB Fourth Edition. The People of Kenya Up to the 19th Century Kwasi W, Towards Decolonizing African Religion and Philosophy, African Studies (1998) Quarterly volume 1 Issue 4. Ojwang’ JB and Mugambi JNK (eds), The SM Otieno case, Death and Burial in Modern Kenya, (1989) Nairobi University press Mbiti, JS, African Religion and Philosophy, Oxford, England, (1999) Heinemann Educational Publishers. Mbiti, JS, Introduction to African Religion Oxford, England, (1991) Heinemann Educational Publishers. Uchenna O, African Crossroads: Conflict between African Traditional Religion and Christianity, (2008) The International Journal of Humanities vol 6 No. 2 Quarcoopome, TNO, West African traditional religion. Ibadan, Nigeria: (1987) African Universities Press. NAME: MUNYALO, DANIEL MUTHENGI REG.NO: G34/102614/2017 COURSE: GPR 100 LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING CONVENER: DR. NKATHA KABIRA â€Å"The encounter between the British and Africans was a case of two worlds colliding.† Discuss†¦

Fran Dorn :: Free Essays

Fran Dorn is the host of Literary Visions, a telecourse video. Dorn is an intelligent person with a love for literature and reading. After watching just one of these telecourse videos, I’ve come to learn a lot about Miss Dorn. With that said, I would like to share with you some of the bits and pieces I have come to learn. What kind of person is this Fran Dorn? Do these videos tell you anything about her personal life? Most interestingly, what are her thoughts on literature?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I sat, notebook and pen in hand, watching these videos, I kept asking myself, â€Å"Who is this person? Is she nice? Mean? Compassionate?† The one thing you could tell about Miss Dorn right away was that she was a very intelligent woman. Dorn read many books, she has a Master’s degree – and that wasn’t the only way you can tell she is an intellectual. The way she talked with such knowledge about literature, and confidence. Miss Dorn graced the television set with such poise. She’s the type of person most people aspire to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many things you can learn about Fran Dorn’s personal life. Dorn states that she has her Master’s degree in theater. She also said that she went to a Graduate School in New York for three years. Miss Dorn always loves to read books. She also collected them. Some of the books in her collection include â€Å"Busy Timmy†, and the â€Å"The Velveteen Rabbit†. On the day Dorn graduated from Graduate School, she bought herself a book to celebrate. The book was â€Å"The Velveteen Rabbit†. The store’s clerk asked her if she wanted it wrapped as a gift for someone. She explained it was only for her, and the clerk wrapped it up. Then the clerk stated â€Å"It was indeed a gift, a gift I was giving myself†.

Gifted Learners in Diverse Classroom Essay

As our nation becomes more culturally diverse we our schools need to begin modeling and preparing for this diversity. The importance of learning about diversity in culture and stereotypes is of particular concern with gifted learners. This article discusses the Ford and Harris model (2000) which combines higher order thinking skills with culturally relevant content to engage students in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation as they examine different perspectives and become involved in social action. There are several different methods to this model that can be used a social studies classroom to engage gifted learners. The first is the transformational approach where the curriculum is set up to show contributions and perspectives of many groups. This allows students to see various perspectives across the spectrum of cultures. Next, the social action approach has students identify issues that they think might need to be changed and make action plans. They are empowered in both of these approaches. Blooms Taxonomy is used at the highest level in both of these models and students are able to learn from themselves, inwardly, and from each other in order to hopefully develop positive relationships. Along with using these two approaches discussions, infusions of literature and poetry, role-playing, examining primary documents, ethnographic research, photojournalism, and service learning are easily applied to middle and high school classrooms. The importance of keeping gifted students engaged has been well documented. High qualities discussions have in the classroom are a great way for student to share, debate, develop original thinking and analyze various perspectives of other gifted students. In a multicultural classroom discussions could become significant learning experiences for young people by allowing participants to challenge the points of view held by others while reexamining their own beliefs Parker (2001). Multicultural literature infused into the classroom and curriculum can give many cultural perspectives for students to reflect upon. Teachers reported gains in self-esteem and academic achievement in diverse students when given literature in which they felt reflected their own culture. Another good technique that teachers can use in a multicultural classroom is role-play. When students place themselves into the role of another it is found that they internalize the culture while also learning about the content. This use of critical thinking skills, along with cooperative learning is a big part of a multicultural classroom. Role-play is one strategy that enriches instruction and supports the unusual sensitivity to the feelings of others evident in gifted learners (Clark, 2007; Piechowski, 2006). Teachers, who have used the process of ethnographic research, or the study and systematic recording of human cultures, have found that gifted students are enriched with the process. Ethnographic research includes interviews, artifacts and observations. Along with Ethnographic research the use of primary documents is an important part of a multicultural classroom. Examples include manuscripts, diaries, letters, photographs, postcards, posters, audio or video recordings, oral histories, speeches, or official documents (Bogdan & Biklen, 2006). Primary documents are increasingly becoming a part of the questioning process on the end of course exams so it is vital that gifted students are given access to them and understand their importance. Photographs, or photojournalism can be impactful for the visual gifted learners. Photojournalism supports numerous characteristics of gifted learners, including their emotional depth and intensity, as well as their strong capacity for processing information, generating original ideas, and comprehensively synthesizing ideas and solutions (Clark, 2007; Davis et al. 2011). Finally, service learning is an area were gifted learners are provided the opportunity be creative with their ideas. In service learning students can find a need in the community and find a method to assist. Because many gifted learners have high levels of empathy this suits them well. Terry (2008) noted that service learning can help gifted learners reach their creative potential as they seek solutions to society’s problems, while also assisting them in their journey toward self-actualization. There are many methods that creativity and diversity can be brought into a multicultural classroom. With gifted students choice and variety is important so that the student remains engaged. The gifted learners needs will drive much of the instruction. This is just a few of the ideas that would work in a social studies classroom in particular. As with all things creativity, curriculum and enrichment are the key to keeping students engaged with gifted learners.

Independent Literacy Essay - 1758 Words

Independent Literacy When I went to the movies for the first time with Bobby, the person who I now consider a close friend, I chose the wrong seat to sit down in. Bobby, who has been deaf in his left ear since birth, occupied the seat to the right of me that night. We enjoyed the film, â€Å"Meet the Parents† thoroughly, yet the movie is certainly not what sticks out in my mind about that evening. Each time we shared a laugh, or one of us wanted to say something to the other about an event in the movie, Bobby had to swing his head around like some kind of bird so that he could hear my whispers. It was actually rather funny to see him twist his neck that way. I remember him saying to me as soon as the lights went down and the†¦show more content†¦For Bobby, this wasn’t an option due to the fact that he could hardly hear. When Bobby was about to turn three years old his parents had become increasingly concerned about his progress with speech. He was making sounds, but wasn’t f orming words correctly, and he slurred a mass of noises together when he got excited or needed something. His family realized that he would only respond to their words if they put their faces right in front of Bobby’s when they spoke to him. After his parents’ concerns grew and they spoke to doctors, they determined that Bobby had been reading lips since age one, and had been trying to make words, but was unsuccessful due to the fact that he had no sense of hearing in his left ear, and his right ear was impaired as well. After multiple surgeries, the hearing in his right ear was significantly strengthened, and he was immediately put in to many special programs to help him catch up on his speech, and equally important, his ability to read. Due to the fact that he did not have a relationship with words for the first two years of his life, â€Å"independent literacy† became a task that would haunt him for the rest of his school days. I have used the phrases, â€Å"independently literate† and â€Å"independent literacy† to illustrate my main point. What I haveShow MoreRelatedEducation And Skills Development : A Flagship Programme For Rural Poverty Alleviation1262 Words   |  6 Pagesenhance employability and livelihood opportunities, mitigate poverty, increase productivity and for laying a lasting foundation for sustained economic growth. The economic and social development of a country to a great extent hinges on the literacy of its people. Literacy has become an indispensible tool for liberating the rural populace from the vicious grip of poverty, deprivation, misery and suffering. Many of agricultural products come from rural areas. However, the quality and shelf life of the productsRead MoreKnowledge, Understanding and Skills in Literacy, Numeracy and Ict and Their Impact on My Practice1117 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding and skills in Literacy, Numeracy and ICT impacts on my p ractice. 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The Immortalists Book Review for College

The Immortalists Review and Truth About the Book Immortalist by Chloe Benjamin is a novel of sweeping ambition and fiendish poignancy. Aptly titled, the book grapples with the matters of life and death as well as an expiry date ending the latter and initiating the former. Benjamin is keenly aware of the inherent sorrow underlying one’s failure to cheat mortality, and she is not ashamed to explore it in a gimmicky premise of her novel. In a sweltering summer of 1969, the Gold children – four siblings – gain a preview of their death. A Romany woman uses clairvoyant powers to predict the exact dates the siblings will die. And thus, the bittersweet novel starts unfolding. It relentlessly draws the readers inside the sticky, humid New York of yore and the cold future that is about to happen. In this reviews and discussion of the Immortalists book, I will argue that the absorbing novel milks the puzzling notions of uncertainty and fate to prepare its readers for a vicarious death experience, which makes the read terr ifyingly liberating. Buy Book Reports Online The Immortalists Analysis and Questions Everyone has dreamt of immortality. This much is certain. Everyone has realized the futility of the heady dream. This is also clear. But how does a person react when they see their death coming a mile off? Benjamin’s tackling of the doomy subject and the ensuing fame attest to the fact that the readers are interested in this kind of questions and answers. This notwithstanding, the rousing read is short on answers. It is up to the audience to make heads or tails of the themes and ideas laid out in the book. As such, the novel can be regarded as a whimsical quiz for book club discussion testing the readers’ ability to answer difficult questions, some of which might not even have been posed. What is it about? I believe that The Immortalists is about personal transformation inevitably following the dissolution of uncertainty. Benjamin nodes to the notion of destiny when she presents the group of children with spoilers – exact dates of their death. By revealing the gr uesome ending, the author removes the veil of uncertainty, thereby forcing her protagonists to shiver, panic, and, above all, change. When ending explained, there is nothing left but to change. What is the point of Immortalists book characters’ life if they have no recourse but to inch slowly to the center of the target drawn by destiny itself? Understanding this, the Gold siblings try to escape the fortuneteller’s ominous prophecies by altering the course and meaning of their life. As one could have guessed, it is not easy to pry open the relentless jaws of fate. The death-defying ambition driving the protagonists becomes their downfall, which often brings the Immortalists comparison to Frankenstein. Is the Immortalists a teen book? Hardly. Yet any teenager would be better off reading it. The Immortalists study guide on vicissitudes and certainties of life, which is recommended to anyone who is about to make important choices. Get Essay on The Immortalists Book Characters in the Immortalists What happens in the Immortalists hits unsuspecting readers in the left prefrontal cortex making them feel happy, and then delivers multiple stinging punches right to the amygdala dumping them in the abyss of sadness. The author throws a vibrant description of the city here and a lurid sex scene there to warm her way under the readers’ skin. Being caught in the florid details of the characters’ life, one stops worrying how do each die and starts living with them. But each death date has been predestined. When the first character – Simon – is getting crossed off a list, readers start feeling the cold undercurrent of the novel. Benjamin leaves them wondering: â€Å"Does Simon get AIDS in the Immortalists?† Then, the emotional piquancy of the novel spikes again when its plot veers toward the story of Klara magic obsessed character. How does Klara die in the Immortalists? Being a magician, the character thought that â€Å"there must be a loophole, a sec ret trapdoor.† Klara’s solution was to kill herself. She died. The readers participated in a magic trick: the abyss of sadness had a false bottom; they kept reading and kept falling. Daniel death was another trapdoor. There are many decent quotes from the Immortalists, but one that can be used in the stead of chapter summaries is provided by Daniel. It seems that he is the only Gold who realizes that â€Å"most people enjoy a certain level of impotence. But [†¦] we do have control – so much that it scares us to death.† The writer does not want to challenge his assumption. She immerses the readers into the rich story of Varya, as well as her relationships with Frida and Luke, only to let the reins go and end the book. She no longer controls the story – the readers do. It is up to them to decide how Varya die even if it scares them to death. Why is The Immortalists so Good? Is Critique Unwarranted? The novel has garnered largely positive feedback. Some literature connoisseurs have carped that Benjamin’s book is overrated and ridiculed it for being excessively metaphorical and mawkish. However, the novel’s success indicates that nobody has taken these unwarranted cavils to heart. It can be argued that the American readership was unswayed by the criticism because everyone enjoyed Benjamin’s candor and lightness of hand. And these two are the key ingredients in the ‘suspension of disbelief’ spell. The Immortalists gives the spellbound audience a chance to experience a vicarious and plausible death, which makes the book so imminently great and terrifying. Pay to Have a Book Review Done

The Role Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ( Pcos ) - 2046 Words

EPIDEMIOLOGY Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects 4% to 12% of women of childbearing age.1 The proportion of individuals in a population with PCOS depends on the diagnostic criteria.2 According to the criteria implemented by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine, PCOS is as great as 15% to 20%.2 As stated in The National Institute of Health Office of Disease Prevention Report, PCOS impacts about 5 million females of reproductive age in United States.3 The identification and management of the disease is estimated to cost $4 billion annually to the US health care system.3 As such, PCOS presents a major economic burden. This heterogeneous†¦show more content†¦COS may suffer include anxiety, depression, body dissatisfaction and a lower quality of life.6,7 ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PCOS is an oligogenic disorder that has a heritable factor of approximately 70%.3 Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the phenotype of the disease.4 The pathophysiology of PCOS consists of defects in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, secretion of insulin and the function of the ovary.3 Although, the cause of PCOS is an on going topic of research, it has been linked to insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels that contribute to hormonal imbalance.4 It is estimated that 60%-80% of women with PCOS, show insulin resistance and this percentage increases to 95% of women who are obese.8 Insulin resistance is a cause as well as an exacerbating factor for the development of PCOS.3 Insulin resistance contributes to metabolic disturbances, obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as increased androgens, cardiovascular risks and anovulation.1 Insulin aids in regulation of ovarian function and overproduction of insulin causes the ovaries to produce high amounts of androgens.9 High levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulate the ovarian thecal cells to produce a greater amount of androgens such as 17-hydroprogesterone, testosterone and progesterone.9 Furthermore, thecal cells contain a higher level of cytochrome P450 11A, CYP17 and 3-HSD2 genes.9 Increased androgens stimulate visceral adipose tissue to produce free fatty

Business Ethics In Firm Rana Plaza - Free Solution

Questions: On April 24 2013, 1134 people were killed and 2,500 were injured when the Rana Plaza building in Savar, Bangladesh collapsed on top of garment workers inside its factories. It would be known as the worst accident in the garment industry anywhere. This happened only five months after a horrific fire at a similar facility prompted leading multinational brands to pledge to work to improve safety in the countrys booming but poorly regulated garment industry. Labour groups, Western clothing companies, the Bangladeshi government and others have made some progress toward preventing similar tragedies, but more stillneeds to be done. There was never any doubt that improving working conditions in Bangladesh, one of the worlds poorest countries, would be incredibly difficult. The collapse of RanaPlaza was just one, though by far the worst in a series of industrial accidents in Bangladeshs garment industry, which has become one of the biggest exporters ofclothes to the United States and Europe because of its low wages. It was later discovered that 28 brands that sourced clothes from the plaza included Primark, Bennetton, Mango, Matalan and Bonmache, prompting public concern about the working conditions of garment factories around the world which contribute to western high street fashion stores. Ethical consumerism encourages people to think about how the products they buy are sourced and produced which are not harmful to the environment and society.This can be evidenced through simply purchasing eggs that are free-range or boycotting goods/companies which promote child labour or unsavoury working conditions. Ethical consumerism is a growing market. A recent report from the Co-operative Bank showed a third of UK consumers claiming to be concerned about ethical consumption, with a large number of the public willing to challenge and boycott companies which do not comply with ethical standards. You are required to write an analytical business report that covers the following tasks: Task 1 Discuss the ways in which companies, like the ones mentioned in the extract above, that sourced clothes from the Rana Plaza can help improve business practices to prevent recurrence of events of this nature. Task 2 Choose any company, research and evidence how they operate ethically, taking into account their approach to consumerism, values and environmental friendliness. Answers: Task 1 About the report: The essay analyses firm named Rana Plaza within the textile industry in Bangladesh. First part of the study has actually tried to analyze all the companies who have sourced or are sourcing from the Rana plaza and the way in which they can help themselves for improvement of business practices and prevention of recurrence of any such incident which took place in Rana Plaza (Allhoff and Vaidya, 2005). Research also has also attempted to evaluate all ethical issues that were involved in the firm as well as all actions which related firms need and requirement to undertake further smooth endurance. Analysis and evaluation of such ethical as well as social plus companywide issues will definitely ensure that companies properly understand each and every thing which went wrong in the Rana Plaza plus effectively keep themselves away from any similar incident or actions which could harm others in similar way (Boylan, 2001). In the second part an organization named Starbucks has been considered a s well as all activities of the firm regarding fundamental ethical concern such as CSR and consumerism, environmental friendliness as well as beliefs and values has been recognized as such actions will definitely propel Starbucks goals plus aims into the future (Cory, 2005). Introduction to incident: The vital disaster took place at the organization Rana Plaza which is situated within Bangladesh, where an eight storied building including six factories literally fell like the house of cards, killing approximately 1,134 labors. This case also has put a notice on health as well as safety issues in the textile industry (Gavai, 2010). This incident has forced the firms to think twice upon the ethics and morale they carry and also that whether the real ethics towards safety and security of employees in being maintained or not. Also as a result, media, government as well as consumers plus also few other stakeholders even are more and more holding clothing companies accountable for every health plus safety contravention within their supply chains (Harish Jyawali, 2015). Discussion: As shareholders who belong to textile industry plus apparel firms are open to elements of financial as well as reputational risks plus even danger that comes out of incidents attached to dangerous working conditions at the firms sites for production. Therefore, investors now require carrying a significant wager in heartening firms to execute proper health as well as safety actions and practices throughout their self plus also their suppliers operations (Hartman, 2005).Several factors in reality share the liability of disaster that took place in the Rana Plaza. Bangladesh that is considered as a state having very weak governance even faces several structural issues as well as problems like lack of some genuine rule and even regulation of the law,inadequate and very scarce assessment procedures, plus generally very unproductive admission towards justice for the victims of the work-connected incidents. The firm can now follow some simple steps and attain full safety and security as well as can become capable of avoiding any such incident that took place at Rana Plaza (Mitchell, 2009). These steps are: As the governance is weak in this nation firms must abide by rules of license and also insurances for all its staffs and stakeholders The firms must have a proper structure towards work The firms must lay down rules and regulations for itself and must abide by all of them and even make its staffs follow the same(Moon, 2001) Firms must try to indulge a good assessment and evaluation process where a timely evaluation of the building and premises and also of all equipments and tools used in the sites must be carried on. The firms must be very ethical when it comes to providing safety and security to staffs and also must provide all its staffs with good justice and equality (Morais et al., 2014). Working conditions intended for all the labors must be properly improved and maintained thereafter. Good ecological standards must be maintained Few energy saving procedures must be implemented while production on sites Employee health plus safety standards require to be uphold and correct arrangements for health as well as safety of employees must also be made Nevertheless, in immediate consequences of the factory tragedy, few firms amazingly spoke incomprehension related to whether the factories are really shaped along with their goods or else it is merely a saying.Undoubtedly, as an outcome of multinational organizations which outsourced production to the nations like Bangladesh, self-existing contractors often gave verdicts within complex plus vital chains of supply (Paliwal, 2006). Firms here should try to understand that the cost plus their differentials, in fact were real causes of outsourcing in the initial place, in the midst of fully developed and also few developing countries which showed conditions within the factories that were perhaps substandard, with being merely empirical proof which could disprove such things. Recommendation: The brands plus firms can actually sign Accord on Building Safety and staff security in Bangladesh which would even permit the staffs to discontinue work if via any source they feel that their safety is beneath threat. Textile industry also has not forgotten Rana Plaza case, and neither the consumers have. It is in fact vital to frequently ask questions plus seek out the brands and firms which are wholeheartedly trying to increase worker conditions (Wurgaft, 2003). Conclusion: The major responsibility was upon Bangladeshi authorities because they failed in correctly fulfilling their duties and compulsions towards protecting labors and making them aware of the incidents and risks and also activities towards saving lives from those risks. State of the Bangladesh, according to the national and international law should actually also try its best to save and protect all the human rights within authority because they even were unsuccessful in their responsibility which was about granting the rights as well as safety to the textile industry employees. Task 2 Introduction: Starbucks actually is a global coffee chain and coffeehouse in based in Seattle within United States in Washington. Along with almost 17133 outlets in 49 nations Starbucks is globes largest coffeehouse firm. Health plus safety of consumers and the workers is very important factor of all the ethical elements that must be followed within any organization (Cole, 2008). Every firms reputation vitally depends upon health plus safety of the consumers. Health plus safety is also legal requirement of government. Global firms have employees who belong to several nations thus all of them need to be valued a lot for attainment of better results (Snyder, 2006). Methodology: The method used here for collection of data is secondary data collection method. Information has been gathered from many secondary resources like from the magazines, firms website, journals, and even some books. Discussion (Findings): Consumerism- Starbucks cultural meaning successfully motivates its consumers to consume its products and also this has served like a good place to work as well as socialize. Starbucks has an extremely communal ecology and is an ideal place intended for developing as well as maintaining good relations. Culture plus consumption which are several forms towards consumerism has also shaped star bucks outlets through development of the social relationship. Furthermore, it also is acceptable for public to enjoy as well as utilize sophisticated ecology for all of their personal sources as while consuming delicious coffee (Quelch and Rodriguez, 2015). Starbucks in reality positions itself like a premium coffee seller, that sells variety of coffees as well as some beverages, both hot plus cold, along with some snacks and also sandwiches. Being a premium brand for coffee, it often relies on the target market carrying a major count of some middle plus high earners along with throwaway income to recurrent all the coffee houses. The firm ia also capable of instilling a feeling of actual upper-class reorganization into its consumers through the product as well as upbeat ecology and staff interactions. While customers decisions also are frequently influenced by some other factors, the coffee at Starbucks still is a major way towards expressing themselves optimistically. Not merely did the firm shape its consumers, it also encouraged socialization and communication. People here can fully utilized space intended for their personal means and can of course make it a community setting intended both for work as well as pleasure. Values - Starbucks believes that ethically performing business as well as doing things right is actually very significant for all kinds of organizational success. Business ethics also compliances within the firm and there are program organized within Starbucks which supports the firms mission as well as vision plus also helps the firm to safeguard the cultu re as well as reputation, via resource allocation intended for ethical decisions when they are on work. Ethical context is also used within this firm to develop plus expand actual awareness of benchmarks regarding the business demeanor, legal compliance, amenities, training and also political interest plus many more (Roth, 2005). Environmental Friendliness- The firm is actually not only acting for the betterment of ecology but is also inspiring all of its customers, staffs, and also supplier to take proper care of environment. Starbucks also suggest that their consumers should reuse all of their mugs to the maximum extent possible. The staffs here also are recommended to use a smaller amount electrical energy within stores of Starbucks. The staffs thus try to utilize freezer and lights as well as thermostat to the minimum level. The resources used by the firm to produce all of their goods are from the base of natural resource. Coffee and other products that the firm serves to its customers are actually without colorants and preservatives as well as additives, particularly for the coffee bean that is used by the firm. To ensure that Starbucks have excellent and best benchmark of the coffee goods in world firms vice president personally has spearheaded the firms efforts to protect top-notch beans of coffee to p rovide the firms mounting needs. The firm also tends to build good relations with all the growers as well as exporters and also checks on the agricultural situations and the crop yields, as well as hunts out for varieties plus sources which would also meet firms exacting benchmarks of quality as well as flavor (Shaw, 2005). Recommendation: Starbucks can aim to make use of solar energy which is really renewable form of the energy. This might also help the firm to go a long way towards ensuring that very less carbon emission exist in the ecology. The firm can also aim to undertake advertisements towards promoting all its impartial and equal healthy as well as beneficial diet. Such advertisements must hold the nutrition advice on many paths of overwhelming healthy as well as beneficial diets of the fast food that the firm supplies. Though Starbucks constantly utilizes the paper-oriented packs it has yet been destined for using paper-oriented packs in rouse of the global warming risk. Paper in fact is attained from trees and thus through using these packages, firm might also have been passing against environmental preservation requirements thus company needs to properly act upon such fact and then convince public on this part (Snoeyenbos, Almeder and Humber, 2001). Majority of outlets belonging to Starbucks actually have attained design of actual green restaurant that holds in suitably saving the energy to huge extent. This may also supply the company with opportunity to donate in decrease of carbon emission through investing in the energy competent blocks as well as buildings. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that firm Starbucks has developed itself and has been successful in maintaining itself as extremely triumphant coffeehouse. As the firm it very popular for all its good tasting coffee, the firm is well known for its entire green symbol that it has embedded with vast much meaning at the back it. People are ready to spend premium amount more on the firm as it displayed type of feeling for upper-class, practical person. Through proper brand loyalty by the customers, Starbucks has turned to be a place of actual socialization. Though the firm still needs to amend itself on some issues it is well known for being ethically correct. In a nutshell here are all the details regarding ethical acts by Starbucks. References Allhoff, F. and Vaidya, A. (2005). Business ethics. London: SAGE Publications. Boylan, M. (2001). Business ethics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cole, G. (2008). 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