Lockie Leonard Proflie Essay

Lockie Leonard is 13 year old boy but he turns 14 in the book. He lives in a small town called Angelus with his family of 5, his dad’s name is Sarge and his mum’s name is Joy, he has a little brother and sister named Phillip and Blob. Blob is just a todler who can not walk or talk yet, Phillip thinks heis a mad scientist and likes to check girls out â€Å"A note from the teacher saying that he was obsessed with sex†p. 184, and he also still wets the bed and he is 11 years old. His best friend is Egg but he moved away, but they still talk by letters. Lockie is in love with Viki Streeton, according to him she is the hottest girl in school. His mum was depressed and crying all the timeand no one had any idea what was going on especially Lockie, Lockie was very troubled by this he was confused. Joy used to do all the things around thehouse like clean, wash and cook dinner but after she left Lockie had do all these jobs. In doing all these jobs and doing them well and his mum being sick Lockie and Sarge grew closer in there relationship in trusting each and talking to each other. After a while in hospital his mum was gradually getting better, Lockie went to talk to her every day because he missed her and wanted to make sure she was alright. Eventually she got out and she was felling great and had never felt better so Lockie’s life was back to normal, his mum was alright and his relationship with his dad was great and him and Viki had sort of started things again so it was going perfect.

National Museum of the Philippines Essay

Located at Padre Burgos Street, Manila City, sat the two branches of The National Museum of the Philippines—the National Gallery of Art and the Museum of the Filipino People, where we went first. As we enter the hallway that leads to the first floor exhibits, we were greeted by a native Nipa hut complete with things that our ancestors used in the past. That same floor also houses the San Diego wreck site though it is a restricted area. We then went up to the next floor where it features the coming of the Spaniard merchant vessels in our country, our contacts with the other countries in terms of trade and commerce, as well as the Linnaeus and the Linnaeans. At the third floor, there were three galleries: The Origin (Pinagmulan), where it presents information on the origin of the Philippines and its people. It retold the story of how the Filipinos lived during the four pre-historic period—Paleolithic; Neolithic; Metal; and Ceramic Age. The second gallery is the Filipinos Today (Kinahinatnan), which features the diversion of our culture because of the influences of different countries and how colorful and beautiful it is. The last gallery is the Archaeological Treasures (Kaban ng Lahi), that showcases the burial jar collection and the importance of burial practice. The last floor was divided into two galleries. First one is the Kisame: Visions of Earth on Heaven that exhibits tons of photographs of ceiling paintings from Bohol colonial churches. It obviously displayed the religiosity of the Filipinos. The last gallery is all about the Biodiversity Exhibit, which shows the various flora and fauna in the country. After a couple of hours in the Museum of the Filipino People, we headed to National Gallery of Art. Although it is under renovation, it still welcomed visitors for free! The first gallery is called â€Å"The Hall of Masters† as it features the works of 19th century Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo. The main attraction is the very famous Spolarium by Luna and opposite to it is Hidalgo’s â€Å"The Assasination of Governor Bustamante and his son†. As we move to the second floor, there is the fantastic Bones Exhibit. It displayed the skeletal remains of different animals—from mammals (including that of a human) to reptiles, to crustaceans and birds—that can be seen in the Philippines. At the center of the gallery is the humongous bone of a juvenile sperm whale. The last gallery on the third floor features the clothing of native Filipinos, and how it was made. REACTION: It was actually my first time to visit these museums and I was really glad that I already had the chance to. Although we spent almost five hours around the museum, I personally regret nothing. Every bit is worth the time. Seeing all those exhibits renewed my nationalistic heart and I’m more proud now to be a Filipino, realizing that we have tons of artistic countrymen and that there works are worthy of admirations. I’m also more aware now of our culture and how colorful it really is. I was really happy to see how our ancestors lived and how it evolved to our current lifestyle. I realized that why patronize foreign culture if you have your own that is way fun, right?

Chiquitas Global Turnaround Essay

Executive Summary This report details several international management problems that Chiquita has been faced with over the past two decades. Many of these problems are to do with the company’s previously poor image when it came to Corporate and Social responsibility. Over the years Chiquita faced many accusations about the conditions workers were faced with at many of their facilities in Latin America and have also had their environmental policies questioned many times in the press. The company has made great strides in recent years in improving their public image with regards to corporate and social responsibility. In particular Chiquita’s commitment to the Better Bananas Project has helped improve their public image along with the continued work they are doing with the South American communities who farm their bananas. The Company also faced a significant legal and regulation of trade problem when the EU’s 1993 integration program saw tariffs on the company imports to Europe gre atly increased and their market share halved almost overnight. This report recommends that instead of going through a costly legal battle to gain re-entry to the European Banana market the company instead focuses on newer emerging markets such as Asia. Introduction Chiquita Brands International is a multinational producer, distributor and marketer of bananas, sourcing many of its produce from developing countries in Latin America. Banana industries have long been tarnished as having unethical business standards forcing companies such as Chiquita to take on ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR). CSR has been an essential element for Chiquita to take into consideration for a global turnaround. Vital aspects Chiquita had to consider were commitment to legal, ethical, environmental and social standards. These factors are at the most forefront to resolving CSR issues. Another key issue affecting the organisation was its struggles with access to a free market in the EU. The trade regulations the company faced through quotas and tariffs not only cut the company’s market share by over 50 percent but also negatively affected their ability to compete in the EU. These issues are seen as critical for the firm as it weakened its compet itive edge considerably. Chiquita has taken actions against these issues in the past several years however there are several solutions that could strengthen the company even further so that they remain the worlds leading supplier of bananas. Key Issues Issue #1: Corporate Social Responsibly After analysing the case in full depth it has come to our knowledge that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a major international business issue affecting Chiquita. CSR is becoming a huge business venture in today’s corporate world. People are becoming more aware of business ethics and practices that don’t coincide with what they agree is morally correct and right. (Anglo American, 2012) Business practices have therefore moved from being profit maximisation focused to having social, cultural, technological and political focal points; or a ‘quadruple bottom line’ approach in order to create a company that is socially correct with a positive image. (LGAM, 2013) In 2003 Chiquita had 19,000 workers in its banana division with over 100 farms across Latin America. These countries are typically developing countries that have struggled with poverty, literacy and access to health care. The banana industry has long been for its support of child labour, unsafe w orking conditions, sexual discrimination and low wages leading to Human rights groups organising campaigns against all banana companies to improve social conditions on their plantations. (Luthans, F., & P. Doh, J. 2012). CSR is stated as â€Å"the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large†. (Business Respects, no date) Therefore Chiquita’s image in the 1990’s of being a company that was â€Å"cold, uncaring, and indifferent, frustrated with mediocre returns, a lack of innovation, and a demoralized workforce† lead to the company becoming considerably unpopular with the public and business partners, which contributed to a decrease in growth rates. For example, in 1998 Chiquita fell a victim of an undercover investigation into dangerous and illegal business practices. The Cincinnati Enquirer, a paper based in Kentucky, accused the company guilty of â€Å"labour, human rights, environmental and political violations† in central America, leaving an â€Å"unsavoury impression of our company† according to Jeff Zalla, current corporate responsibility officer at Chiquita. (Luthans, F., & P. Doh, J. 2012). The centre of the debate about the CSR is the nature and extent of corporate obligations that extend beyond the economic and legal responsibilities of the firm. â€Å"The idea of social responsibilities supposes that the corporation has not only economic and legal obligations, but also certain responsibilities to society which extend beyond these obligations† (McGuire, 1963: 144). The issue is therefore critical for the firm as it is in the business’s long-term self-interest to be socially responsible. If Chiquita wants to have a healthy climate in which to function in the future, it must take actions now to ensure its long-term viability. Ultimately it will benefit the company by â€Å"winning the public† because the public believe firms should take on social responsibility. Issue #2: Tariff Regulations from the EU Another international business issue that had a significant effect on Chiquita’s day to day operations was the European Union’s (EU) decision to impose significantly higher tariffs and quotas on Chiquita’s imports from Latin American countries, in favour of their former colonies in the Caribbean and Africa, beginning in 1993. These new Tariff’s not only cut the company’s market share by over 50 percent but also significantly affected their ability to compete in the EU’s $6.7 Billion USD banana market. (Luthans, & P. Doh, 2012). This was a massive regulation of trade issue for Chiquita as they believed the EU’s decision to grant their former colonies preferential tariff rates was in direct violation of the fair trade principles specified in the WTO. These principles stated that countries must not discriminate against one another in their trade relations. (Luthans, & P. Doh, 2012). One of the key sub-issues that caused this issue for Chi quita was the EU’s 1992 integration program which saw the 12 member nations of the EU do away with their previously separate banana import regime’s and implement one uniform set of tariffs for the whole EU. (Patterson, 2001) This important change in international law saw Chiquita go from only having some quotas to deal with when exporting to the EU to now having to pay an extra 33% tariff than their rival importers from ACP countries. (Patterson, 2001) Although the EU’s new regime was immediately protested by the U.S.A and many Latin American countries this presented another significant legal international management problem for Chiquita. Not only had their market share been halved, drastically cutting into their profits, but they also now faced the prospect of a lengthy and expensive legal battle to be able to once again import their bananas to Europe at a fair rate. (Luthans, & P. Doh, 2012). Strategic options Corporate Social responsibility Chiquita began to initiate corporate social responsibility projects in 1992 but initiated projects aimed at implementing its CSR efforts on a global scale in 1998, (Luthans, & P. Doh, 2012). By 1999 Chiquita had adopted four key values, integrity, respect, opportunity and responsibility, which now guide all business decision-making worldwide, (Luthans, & P. Doh, 2012). In 2000 Chiquita appointed a full time officer responsible for all aspects of Chiquita’s CSR. This implementation as well as the four core values has helped drive a responsible change throughout the entire company, (Chiquita – Social Responsibility Is How We Conduct Business, 2013). It has meant all business decisions have had to be evaluated through the corporate responsibility policies, (Luthans, & P. Doh, 2012). Chiquita’s development of social responsibility efforts has developed significantly by expanding on the businesses code of conduct to outline the responsibilities and practices of the or ganisation, as well as adopting legal agreements to establish business standards, (Luthans, & P. Doh, 2012). Chiquita’s have resolved social conditions on all their plantations by using both these strategies. They expanded their code of conduct in 2000 to include Social Accountability 8000, followed by signing a worker rights agreement in 2001, (Luthans, & P. Doh, 2012). This covered areas such as food safety, labour standards, employee health and safety, environmental protection, and legal compliance, all which have been a long tarnished image in the banana industry. It has been proven to be a very effective tool for measuring and improving business practices to better serve the communities and individual consumers, (Chiquita – Social Responsibility Is How We Conduct Business, 2013). In order to adhere to the organizations core values, Chiquita routinely performs audits, to plan corrective and future actions using the firms core values and code of conduct as decision- making guides. This implementation has contributed significantly to allow Chiquita’s to maintain better CSR practices. An alternative solution for Chiquita is to contribute to local communities in an interactive way. Chiquita’s could set up programs to promote healthy living, particularly that educate children on nutrition and encourage them to lead healthier lives. Chiquita employees could do this by visiting local schools, events or other business firms in the community. To promote healthier living to people they could give out produce to the community to encourage eating healthier foods and give tips to men, women and particularly children about nutrition enforcing the idea of healthy living. Chiquita could also allow schools to visit their farms on an education basis. This gives the opportunity for Chiquita employees to get involved in supporting the community and has the added benefit of portraying a great social responsibility effort for Chiquita. Furthermore on the idea of allowing people to visit their farms, Chiquita could alternatively charge people a small dona tion, where a percentage of the profit could be given to charity or an ongoing event in the community. Tariff Regulations from the EU From the time that the new regime was put in place in 1993, Chiquita, along with the United States, filed complaints to both the General Agreement of Trade and Tariffs (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) implying that there were violations of free trade from the EU (Doh & Luthans, 2012). There were two complaints made to GATT the first, issued in February 1993, outlined that the new regime (Mark II) was ‘protectionist, discriminatory and restrictive’. While the second; was initiated by five Latin American plaintiffs on the first of July, 1993 (Read, 2005). While the GATT panel ruled that the Mark II regime violated GATT commitments, the EU refused to adapt the ruling made by GATT. In May 1997, the WTO ruled that the EU’s Mark II regime violated WTO obligations under the GATT on trade and services and the agreement on import licensing procedures (Doh & Luthans, 2012). Some of these licensing procedures included: Operator categories, activity functions, ex port certificates and hurricane licenses (Read, 2001). The EU was then required by the WTO, to bring its banana regime compliance by January 1999. This was brought about by the various amounts of import licenses that the EU used in which the WTO panel found that these licenses breached the GATT and the General Agreement on Trade in Services as it prevented competition in the EU (Read, 2005). However, the EU did not comply and so, the United States was allowed to enforce regulatory tariffs onto specific EU imports as a response towards the EU’s failure to implement the WTO rulings as well as the violations of the GATT trade rules (Read, 2005) It was not until April, 2001 that the United States and the EU announced that they had resolved their dispute but reaching an agreement. The agreement took effect on the first of July, 2001 during which the United States suspended retaliatory sanctions and the import of bananas from Latin America returned to the levels it was at before the 1993 regime change (Doh & Luthans, 2012). Final Recommendation An alternate option that Chiquita could have undertaken is that rather than focusing on regaining the European market, they could have looked towards expanding to a new regional market such as Asia. Evidence from the Chiquita’s website shows that they have yet to expand to the Asian market (Chiquita Homepage, 2013). Four out of the top five countries for banana consumption in the world come from Asia; these countries being: India, China, Indonesia and the Philippines (WolframAlpha: Banana Consumption, 2007). Upon entering the Asian market, Chiquita should approach with either a polycentric or regiocentric predisposition. Polycentric and regiocentric predisposition is, respectively; â€Å"a philosophy of management whereby strategic decisions are tailored to suit the cultures of the countries where the multinational corporation operates† and â€Å"the philosophy of management whereby the firm tries to blend its own interests with those of its subsidiaries on a regional basis† (Doh & Luthans, 2012). These two approaches would be good for entering into the Asian market as Asian cultures tend to be high context cultures in which negotiations are slow and ritualistic; whereas for and American-based company such as Chiquita, are used to low context cultures where negotiations are made efficiently as possible (Cavusgil, Freeman, Knight, Ranmal & Risenberger, 2012). These two approaches will allow for Chiquita to become more compatible with the Asian market. Implications of this however, is that the time and money spent on developing and researching strategies on entering the Asian market could cost either the same, or more than the legal costs that Chiquita faced while regaining the rights to exporting to the EU. However, if Chiquita looked towards expanding into the Asian market while dealing with legal issues regarding the EU quotas and everything went well, Chiquita would then be exporting to both Europe and Asia which would bring them more profit than if they were just shipping to one or the other. References Anglo American, (2012), Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility, Retrieved from: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/anglo-american/business-ethics-and-corporate-social-responsibility/introduction.html#axzz2cMnSxmvE, Accessed 17/9/13 Business Respect, (no date), Corporate Social Responsibility- what does it mean? Retrieved from: http://www.businessrespect.net/definition.php, Accessed 17/9/13 Cavusgil, S.T., Freeman, S., Knight, G., Ranmal, H.G., & Risenberger, J.R. (2012). The Cultural Environment of International Business, International Business (pp.88- 122). Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Australia Chiquita (2013). Chiquita.com – Social Responsibility Is How We Conduct Business. Retrieved from http://www.chiquita.com/The-Chiquita-Difference/Social-Responsibility.aspx, Accessed 13/9/13 Chiquita Homepage. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.chiquita.com/Home.aspx, Accessed 13/9/2013 Doh, J.P., & Luthans, F. (2012). Chiquita’s Global Turnaround (Case Study), International Management: Culture, Strategy and Behaviour. (pp.138- 165). New York, United States of America: McGraw Hill. European Commission (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/corporate-social-responsibility/index_en.htm, Accessed 13/9/13 LGAM, (2013) Quadruple Bottom Line, Retrieved from: http://lgam.wikidot.com/quadruple-bottom-line, accessed 17/9/13 Luthans, F., & P. Doh, J. (2012). International Management (pp. 560-566). (8th ed.). New York, America: McGraw-Hill, Accessed 13/9/13 McGuire, J (1963), The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility, retrieved from:

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Personal Statement Example Sometimes just holding the things or bringing him something that he needs. I could not see my father taking the entire burden alone therefore; I decided to help him in my own way. This time was the most difficult time of my life as well as the turning point in my life. During that period, I realized the importance of knowledge as well as money and I came to know that knowledge is a way towards money. However, one cannot deny that at times only money can help in acquiring the knowledge and then this knowledge contributes in earning both money and respect. Moreover, I came to know one more bitter reality of the world that money makes friends and money gives you respect. Nevertheless, there also exist some angels in this world who are aware of the importance of knowledge and do not care about financial conditions of a person rather their talents. As we study in economics that investing in social sector that is education, does not give a country immediate results but a country sees its r esults after some years. Similarly, knowledge along with its alleviating power that is education can take a person to the soaring heights of success but it needs some time. There are two reasons that augment my interest in economics. Firstly, my financial conditions that have always prompted me to think about certain aspects of economics such as the reason of sudden changes in demand and supply, increase and decrease in prices of certain products and saturation of market. As in the period of financial crises, I had all the responsibilities of house such as buying of groceries and other important stuff therefore, I was always aware of the increase and decrease of prices. I did not only confine myself to knowing the prices but I also tried to know the reasons behind changes in trends. In this struggle, I always got the answers of my questions that why the prices increase and decrease. This reasoning attracted me more and became second reason of creating my interest in economics. In ec onomics, there is always a reason behind occurring of any event and I am very rational person therefore, by the time I started researching more on economics and inclined more towards economics. However, this was a very tough time of my life but without these hardships, I would never be able to discover myself and know what actually field of my interest is. I used to talk to my father about the bankruptcy and know what the economic reason behind this bankruptcy was. Did we not create enough demand for our product or did our product was very expensive that people could not afford it. Did government put some restrictions on our company or did we not have enough funds to run the company. If we did not have enough funds, then what was the reason behind this? My father and I used to have long conversations on these issues and I used to enjoy it a lot. Reasoning is something that fascinates me a lot and therefore economics is my priority. In addition, I did not remain behind in the race of extracurricular activities. In my school, I was inter club representative and represented my school in other schools. I was also the representative of Hong Kong Students. I never let my financial crisis overwhelm me rather I lived my life in a realistic and positive manner. These situations made me a very audacious person and gave me valor to speak in front of people, as I knew about the reality of this world that no one is yours until you persuade them through your acts and actions. I possess

BRIC Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Controversies Surrounding Pink Slime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Controversies Surrounding Pink Slime - Essay Example The term pink slime was coined a biologist called Gerald Zirnstein in 2002 due to the use of ammonium hydroxide in processing of this product. Initially the term was only used publicly in reference to food packaged for dogs. However, the media outlets created a phobia throughout United States when they made a claim that almost all meat products comprised some amount of Pink Slime. Following this media disclosure, a good number of beef processing industries have been forced to shut their business due to the controversy. Individuals as well as institutions such as schools have raised several arguments over the quality and appropriateness of the pink slime consumption (Drahl Web). Currently, the phrase pink slime is used to define a different type of ground meat different from the habitual ground meat in that it was prepared from fatty crumbs, connective tissue and hides, which were remnants of beef carcasses after steaks and roasts, had been extracted. The issue of slime mould caused many questions among the American particularly on the role of government in protecting the quality and safety of their food (â€Å"A Fight About Beef: Why to Avoid 'Pink Slime’† Web; Drahl Web). The American have a reason and the right to know the security of product that they consumer. However, the deliberations on slime meat have been stuffed with distortions and propaganda, which could be either true or fictitious.

INSTRUMENT REVIEWED IN MMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Family and consumer science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Family and consumer science - Essay Example 1.1 Characteristics of Food Production and Food and Beverage Service Systems There are five techniques used in food production. Traditional method Sous vide method Centralised distribution Cook-Freeze method Cook-Chill method Traditional Method It is utilized within the kitchen and has the accompanying procedure: Things into kitchen Refrigeration Freezing Dry store Mise en place or arrangement Ordered from customer Cooking Serving Sous Vide Method It is a technique for cooking food that is sealed in airtight plastic containers with water for more extended than ordinary cooking times about 72 hours in a fewer cases at a correctly directed temperature lower than ordinarily utilized for cooking, normally at 55 Â °c to 60 Â °c for meats and high in vegetables. ... Cook-Freeze Method It is comparable to cook chill the distinction is the temperatures are further. Cook freeze is food preservation method in which it is ready and parceled, cooked, and afterward solidified to -20Â °c in a main kitchen. Cook-freeze saves food for up to eight prior weeks it is warmed for consuming. Cook-Chill Method Cook Chill is a food preservation technique in which food is ready and administered, cooked, and afterward chilled to 3 Â °c in a main kitchen. Cook-chill saves food for up to four prior days it is warmed for consuming. Food production is the place menu is arranged, crude materials are bought and acknowledged, and foods are cleaned, saved and ready. It is additionally where held up staff drop off and get orders. Crude materials are obtained is a troublesome and expert assignment. Buyers convey with it a mass of authority. Hospitality industry needs to give careful consideration to 2 things: Investigating the supply markets: Selecting the purchasing syste ms and knowing visibly request of the inn. Assessing items cost and worth. Advancing itemized acquiring specifications: It is to anticipate buyers trick lodging or take buying cash. Characteristics of Food Service There are a few qualities of food service that make it special contrasted with handling of different items. This uniqueness impacts choices that are made about processing and service. Some of these qualities incorporate: Food preparation and service are work concentrated. Request for food happens at top times, approximately breakfast, lunch, and supper dishes. There are slow times between these top request times. Skilled and incompetent labor both is required. Food is unpreserved, needing

Leadership 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Leadership 2 - Essay Example Figure Name Page No. 1 Cost Leadership Strategy of Giffgaff 5 2 Revenue Decline of the UK Telecom Industry 7 3 Increase in Data Usage 10 4 Reduction in Mobile Voice Cost 13 5 McKinsey 7S Framework 14 6 Present Lattice Structure in Giffgaff 19 7 Proposed Organizational Structure for Giffgaff 20 1. Introduction In this paper, the researcher will shed light on state of art mobile phone service provider Giffgaff which has established its strong presence in telecom service industry of United Kingdom (UK) within few years of its inception. 2. Gifgaff-Introduction Giffgaff is SIM-only mobile network which was created by Gav Thompson in the year 2009 with an intention to attract digitally-savvy customers and the company is headquartered at Uxbridge, Greater London (Marketing Society, 2013). The company is subsidiary of Telefonica and currently it operates with 35 to 40 employees. The mobile operator has differentiated its value proposition by incorporating the community-powered model which w orks in similar pattern as web 2.0 technologies (Gifgaff, 2013). Interesting fact is that, the organization is run by its member partners and these members get rewarded for various activities such as increasing the channel length by bringing new partners, helping the company to earn revenues or promoting the brand etc. 2.1 Competitor Analysis & Business Strategy UK telecom operating industry is hypercompetitive due to presence of many big players with similar kind of product offerings such as Orange, T Mobile, Vodafone and O2. In such context, it was difficult for small player like Giffgaff to enter the UK telecom operating business without formulating unique value proposition statement. Giffgaff decided to work as mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) and operate through O2 network. However, both O2 and Giffgaff decided to target different customer segment and work as separate network player in UK. A comparison between network plans of different competitors can be depicted in the following manner; Figure 1: Cost Leadership Strategy of Giffgaff (Source: Marketing Society, 2013) As Giffgaff uses customers as promoter members and online platform to offer its plan hence the company is able to reduce significant amount of operational cost. The company has also reduced cost of its marketing activities and cost optimization strategy of the Giffgaff has given them the cost benefit advantage to reduce the price of offering in comparison to big players such as Vodafone, T Mobile, O2, Orange etc. However, Giffgaff targets young, digital savvy customers who are ready to engage with the brand and promote the brand by themselves hence it can be said that target market for the company is small. Online community of the company was created in order to handle customer queries of target market in efficient and responsive manner in comparison to call centres of big telecom operators (Marketing Society, 2013). From generic strategy viewpoint, Giffgaff’s business strategy can be viewed as excellent example for focused low cost strategy. 3. Analysis 3.1 Environmental Audit The study will try to understand the macro-environment of UK in terms of political, economic, social and technological factors in order to understand the business position of Giffgaff. Table 1: PEST External Environment Characteristics Opportunity/Threat for Giffgaff Political (P) Government has deregulated the telecom industry which has opened door for many international telecom operators to establish

Cloud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cloud - Assignment Example Users will use this to interact with the cloud services. For instance, users need a browser that will enable them to access a wide variety of applications at the same time (Collins, 2014). They can access word applications, sophisticated programs, and electronic mail services. An example is the email services where the user requires a browser to access storage and software that is on the cloud host. Essentially, a cloud computing architecture comprises of a front-end and a back-end. The back-end consists of the storage and the servers. On the other end, the front end is made up fat and thin clients. In addition, there is a delivery system based on the cloud and the network. The choice to either rent a cloud computing facility or to purchase hardware is dependent on a number of constraints. First, is the population of the company against the monthly charges per terminal. The larger the organization, the individual cost will be lower but the overall cost, when projected on a long term basis, is very costly. In such a case, it is advisable to purchase hardware for the organization. When running significant database systems, it is cheaper if the organization avoided renting the facility. Making the most out of a cloud facility may be hard because they have fixed instance sizes. With your installation, it gives you the flexibility of creating dimensions of your choices (Jamsa, 2013). The experience with cloud providers is the significant acceleration of CPU speed and the memory. However, the world outside demands you have one flanking the other. Challenges coming with colocation include availability of in-house expertise. It ranges from establishing your network, acquiring equipments that may be expensive. Also, your data centers have to be up twenty-four hours seven days. The additional cost here is to have staff on call and ready to move. Otherwise, you incur extra costs hiring somebody to fix these problems. There is no option other than purchasing

Technological Disasters Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technological Disasters - Annotated Bibliography Example 2. In the article Cyberbullying: Intervention and Prevention Strategies by (Feinberg, 2011), the author outlines the various prevention strategies of cyberbullying. These interventions are mainly aimed at protecting children and teenagers, since they are the ones mostly affected by electronic bullying. The article also illustrates the various types of cyberbullying. Bullying has severe social, psychological, and physical effects. Feinberg (2011) cites emotional harm as a significant impact of cyberbullying. The cyberbullying victims suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the trauma associated with bullying threats. 3. Donegan studies the history, law, and prevention of bullying. The author illustrates that most teens make frequent access to the Internet, including chatting, downloading music, searching for school assignment, and communicating with friends. As the teens move through the highly competitive education system, they may start to bully or be bullied. Lawmakers continue to wrestle with the issue of cyberbullying. As of June 2010, about 43 states in the United Statea had bullying prevention laws (Donegan, 2012) 4. Little or no warning precedes events that are associated with technological hazards. None of the victims of cyberbullying are prepared to be bullied. Patchin (2006) illustrates the emotional and psychological impacts of cyberbullying. The victims often exhibit symptoms of depression. Depression can be a sign of trauma. Also, the victims of cyberbullying fear to go school, and experience dysphoric feelings of humiliation and loneliness. As a consequence, they often suffer from trauma. Continuing exposure to cyberbullying makes them to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. 5. In the book Female crime victims: Reality reconsidered by Burgess-Proctor, Patchin, and Hinduja (2009),

Section 176 Of Companies Act 1965 Essay Example for Free

Section 176 Of Companies Act 1965 Essay In Malaysia companies Act 1965 (CA), is one of the vital statutes which govern and regulate the formation and operation of a company. All the sections in this statute govern each and every part of company governance. In this case section 176 of Companies Act plays a very important role on arrangements and reconstruction of a company when the company heavily burdened with debt. Financial crisis is the most dangerous and a serious disadvantage for a company, in such situations companies normally will use this provision to escape and avoid liabilities against their creditors. This section allows the company to make arrangement and reconstruction where they can negotiate with the other parties such as creditors regarding the debt they owe. Section 176(5) of CA, must be read together with section 176 (3) of CA, where this section stress that the order made under subsection (3) is not valid until a copy of the said order is given to the registrar and only after the order is lodged, the said order will carry a binding effect from the date of the order lodgment. On the other hand, if the court find is reasonable than the court may determine any earlier date as specified in the order. This section basically talks about the date and effectiveness of the notice which been agreed by members and creditors as per subsection (3) of this provision.1 According to subsection (6), a copy of the order which made under subsection (3), must be put together or annexed with every single copy of the company’s memorandum which is issued after the order made under subsection (3).2 In the event where the company does not have a memorandum, than the order should be annexed to all instruments constituting or defining the constitution of the company. This is generally to give knowledge to a third party about the agreement between the company and the members or creditors. In this case the court may and have power to determine the period of time where the company shall comply to subsection (6). This can be seen in subsection (7) of the same provision.3 Any company fail to follow subsection (6) will be guilty of an offence against subsection (9) of the same provision where penalty of RM 2,000.00 will be imposed.4 Section 176 (10) of CA, govern the power of court to restrain proceedings.5 Here in this subsection, when there is no resolution or arrangement is made by members and creditors with company, the court have power to restrain further  proceedings in any action against the company. There are certain things the company has to do once the company obtains such order from the court. First, the company shall lodge a copy to Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (SSM). Second, the company should publish the obtained order in newspapers so that all the members and creditors of the company can know about the restrain order. Subsection (10A) says that the court may grant the restrain order for a period of not more than 90 days but there are four situations where the courts can extent the period of the restrain order for good reason. Firstly, the court must be satisfied that there is a proposal for compromise or arrangement between the company and the creditors and the creditor who representing this must hold one half of the value of all creditors which is basically 50 percent. Secondly, the court must feel that the restraining order is important for the company and the creditors to make arrangements or scheme of compromise for the approval of the creditors. Thirdly, a statement in the prescribed form must be made before three days before of the application of the order. Fourthly, the court must approve a nominated person among the creditors to act as a director of the company. These four things must be satisfied by the court for the court to give extension of time for the restrain order.6 In the case of PECD Bhd Anor v. Merino-ODD Sdn Bhd Ors the court held that, for the court to grant the extension of time more than 90 days, the company should and must follow the entire four things which stated in subsection (10A) of section 176.7 About the good reasons, Justice Vincent Ng have stated that the word good reason in section 176(10A) of CA, refers to the applicants’ bona fide intention and action to make arrangement or scheme of compromise in the case of Metroplex Bhd Ors V Morgan Stanley Emerging Markets Inc.8 Section 176 on the CA is actually a sealed but not a sword. The intention of section 176 CA is actually to help companies which face some serious financial problems and debts to the creditors. This provision is must be used by the companies to prevent bankruptcy and as a chance to settle the debts to the creditors. However, some companies may misuse this section for their own enjoyment or benefit which was not and never the intention of parliament for enacting this provision. When companies start to misuse this provision, the objective of this provision is misinterpretated. This  misinterpretation can be said as one of the reason for financial crisis in 1997. Some companies may use these provisions to cheat the creditors of the company; in this case the improper usage of this section may lead to injustice to creditors. As a conclusion, section 176 of CA is very important provision which should be interpreted as per the original intention of the enactment. This provision is very helpful for the companies in financial difficulties and it will provide room for the companies to run their business and gain profit to overcome the debts. This provision also does not violate the rights of the creditors where by using this provision the company cannot escape the debt but only can obtain some time extension to repay it. This section must be used in a good manner so that the company and also the creditors do not held in injustice.

A PESTEL Analysis of the Republic of China

A PESTEL Analysis of the Republic of China China, also called Republic of China. Political framework for China is dual leadership system which exercised through the communist party of China and the central peoples government. In china, peoples Congress members at the county level are elected by voters. For every five year term, China president and vice president will be elected by peoples congress. Meanwhile, for the state council will be appointed by peoples congress as well. To obtain nationality of china is difficult according the nationality law. As a China citizens who are not allow to hold a multiple citizenship. In the aspect of motivation by government, China maintains a well diplomatic relationship with other foreign country. It participate many international organization participation such as World Trade Organization (WTO), Group of 77 (G-77) and many so on. Inter-country attitude was stable and no war occurs between other. This will leads to encourages many other foreign country invest to China. Currently, China faced some territorial disputes before. Taiwan is one of the examples which successful obtain by China. Taiwan people desire to build up the linkage such as direct transportation system with mainland China for extends their Taiwanese business. As overall for political factor, China government leadership and structures are well being currently. The political trends of China became better as before revolution. Economic factor Economic factor is the most crucial factor part determines the overall environment. For chinas economic growth, it economic keep growing rapidly due to their open for outside world which are welcome other foreign country to investment (large scale capital investment such as opening its banking sectors) and productivity growth. Besides that, Chinas governments are investing into developing the education and technology aspect. This enhances the sector of technology changes. Last but not least, China tend toward urbanization which became an important driver among the globalization market demand and produced a low cost market for other foreign country tend toward invest in China. China is the bigger population in the world which around 1.3 billion people (Wikipedia, 2010). This population factor influence the spending levels. Compare with other country, China government are invest a huge capital in technology factor and at the same times, people purchasing power are strong as well. China average annual growth about 6 percents and next of the 20 years will allow China revolution became high income nation (Lou, 2010). In the taxation part, China implements those basic taxes such as business tax and income tax. For the international taxation, China is corporate with 46 countries which sign up the double taxation agreement. Chinas trade pattern continues to grow dramatically, the size of the export and imports keep increasing. China is one of the ASEAN members so that for the tarries and barriers within the country will reduce. The top trading partners for China are European, United State, Japan, and Hong Kong. Nowadays, China GDP slows to 9.6% in the third quarter of the year 2010. The unemployment rate in China was last reported at 4.20 percent in March of 2010 and the inflation rate increase to 3.60 percent in September of 2010 (Trading economics, 2010). Social factor China demographics Overpopulation problem causes many economic crises like lack of food, water and other basic amenities. As a result of its aging population, Chinas government introduces the one child campaign due to the ever growing population of China. Government is trying to control the population by allowing just one child per family. It controls family size and the overpopulation problem. As estimated, population will shift in future which decline from 9 in 2006 to 2.5 by year 2050 according to the Washington. For the healthcare, recently Chinas healthcare system has improvement slowed. For example, China spends 5.8 percent of its GDP as compare other developing country such as South Africa (8.7 percent), Brazil (7.9 percent) and India (6.1 percent). Yet, healthcare expenditures as a percentage of GDP have been increasing in China. By iimproving the healthcare system is important to raise living standards, therefore the lifestyle changes and the living standard increase in China. This is because that China toward the urbanization. Furthermore, Chinas economic growth rapidly recently years. Besides that, governments invest to the education industry boost up the individual became knowledgeable. This will increase the opportunity of working for an individual. On the other hand, many foreign direct investments in China provide more opportunity of occupation for Chinas citizen. From this, the high income nation will achieve in future, so that individual purchasing power will increase to enjoy a more quality lifestyle. Technology factor Technology changes rapid throughout the world. Innovation with technology compliance will increase the China own productivity and reduce the exports of growth. By implement advance technology, more information can be gain by the country and will discoveries more new advantages like manufacturing advances, new research, and transportation infrastructure can be more convenience by using high technology implement. Science aspect like energy fuels usages, bio-tech, genetics, agri-tech all can be benefit through this factor. Many country advocate save the world by recycling. By using advance technology, goods can be done by using those used product and process a new product to the society. At the same time, recycling can be done. Most of the company will choose China as the production plant, so that, advance technology will be imports in China and at the same time, new technology able help to save much cost. Environment factor There many external factor been catogories in enviromental factor such as change of weather, and climate changes, which might impact many industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, increasing awareness of these potential impacts of climate changes are changing how a company operates. The enviromental factor are can not be amendment by China itself. It depend other external enviroment like the enviromental regulation swhich is the rules or regulation that set by other country like tariff and quota. However, there are some country will do protection onward their own product. The  Environmental Performance Index  (EPI) is a way in quantifying benchmarking the  environmental performance of a countrys policies.  According to 2010 environmental performance index, China score 49.8% of EPI and 58.7% of environmental health. Among the Asia country, China get the 18th places of its. One of the major reasons due to many industry factories builds at their effect the environment health. The air pollution of environmental health in China is at the 40.07% (Environmental Performance Index  ranking among Asia and pacific, 2010) Legal factor Legal factor include regulatory of the country. Company which analysis by this PESTEL analysis is to determine the strategy should be implementing on that. As china, employment rate fluctuant small. Employer will choose to have a factory at China that might due to low cost labor if compare with other country. Major Law in employment law is the labor law which is to protect labor benefits. According that, included all penalty, the standard working hours and the overtime minimum payment for ensure employee able get the benefits that should obtain. Furthermore, many companies decided invest their business in China and built up their industry and factory.Therefore the industry specific regulation to protect Chinas industry. Competitive regulation such as implement the taxes on foreign good to protect own good comparison. There are some functions and Powers of Organizations existence with Consumer Protection Responsibilities such as Consumers Association of China (CAC), State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC) and State Bureau of Quality Technical Supervision (SBQTS).

Effects of gambling

Effects of gambling GAMBLING During peoples life, they develop empirical knowledge about many things. Knowing is the power that everyone has to decide which information is right or wrong to face big challenges and succeed when taking the decisions. All possibilities in this life might be good within the constraints; however, when people take themselves to an abusive level of necessity, it becomes dangerous for them and all those surround them. Gambling has a number of negative effects that distinguish it from other challenging activities; some of these issues are: addictions, family problems and bankruptcy. Firstly, gambling is apparently an entertainment industry where many end up being innocent victims of addictions such as alcoholism and lies. Society should be able to resolve its problems without depending on external agents, but people have point breaks. Because casinos provide free alcohol to their customers, they could easily get alcohol problems; while gamblers spend money on their bets, they are drinking alcohol. For example, if you are not a consumer of alcohol in exercise, it does easier to enter the spirit world, but those who are heavy drinkers it increases their addiction. Furthermore, compulsive gamblers usually tell lies because they seek to hide their gamble habits; they begin to distort their actions to their partners, friends and even at work. For instance, sometimes bettors gamble in secret, or they do not tell how much time or money they spend; instead, they often create stories to try to justify their activities. Gamblers believe on fake hopes that they will surpri se themselves with a big win some day. Compulsive Gambling can be addicted to the adventure of the risk. An addictive gambler is anxious of winning and will tend to play with games that involve other players, so they can feel the adrenaline rush. In addition, gambling brings family problems because gaming causes emotional issues, and it has an impact on children. Whether bettors have just discovered a gambling problem, or they have been living with it for a period; they may feel destroyed by the magnitude of the problem. For example, if gamblers have feelings of desperation, they feel like their assumptions are consumed by the problem they are dealing. They might handle that they need to separate from their couple at least for a period of time. Emotions of this nature are common when they are approaching the complex issues that emerge as a result of a gambling problem. Moreover, being a person with gambling issues at home can affect children in many ways. For example, gamblers spend less time with their families is due to they invest a lot of time in casinos; therefore, children think that they parents do not love them anymore. These troubles can leave a family feeling frustrated and even worse if the gamblers are fighting ov er money. It can frighten the relationship. If the family is the core of the society, gambling for any reason could harm the family members because in the family people acquire respect for a moral values in the society. Another negative effect of gambling is a financial crisis; many gamblers accumulate thousands of dollars of debt without knowing. Borrowing money and selling personal items to gamble are signs of aggravated indebtedness. First, Acquiring money from banks and credit cards with the hopes that they can win back their losses is just a way to create long term financial issues for both players and family. For example, while Antonys wife is fast asleep, Antony spends hours in front of the computer gambling online; authorizing automatic withdraws from his bank accounts and credit cards. They are behind on bills, and the couple gets threatening calls from collection agents on past loans. Thus, his annoyed wife finds that the online gambling losses are the cause that add up to hundreds of dollars a month. Gamblers often say that they do not know where the money is going if they really do not spend too much. Second, Family investments usually are diminished because the gambler seeks more and mo re resources with which to gamble. For example, a gambler who manages the family finances could liquidate the all familys properties such as: houses, cars, etc theses possessions may be faded or lost. Consequently, individual beliefs might change when they face beyond their limit, trying to get back their losses. In conclusion, the effects of compulsive gambling are almost immediately overwhelming; gambling can result in uncontrolled cravings, family troubles and economic crisis. Because some people have a low self-esteem they believe that they are not in control of their actions and emotions. Leaders thoughts are developed on these false ideas; hence, gambling seeks to control gamblers life. Gambling can leave players with devastating effects; as a result, governments can find many solutions the problem associated with gambling. For example, taking an allowance of the gambling revenues and putting it towards rehabilitation programs would be a very positive charity from gambling. For these reasons, governments should find a way to make gambling safer. Academic Written Communication Level 4 3 Cause effect draft 2 Gambling Ricardo Estrada March 1st 2010 ELS 5880547 Helene Bindseil Conestoga College, Kitchener, Ontario

DHTML Lessons :: Technology, Informative

DHTML LESSONS Lesson 1 - Introduction What you should already know Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following: „X WWW, HTML and the basics of building Web pages „X Cascading Style Sheets „X JavaScript If you want to study these subjects first, go to our Home Page DHTML does not exist ! DHTML is an abbreviation for the term "Dynamic HTML". But DHTML is just a buzzword. DHTML does not exist. It is not a "thing" or a standard defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It is not defined anywhere. It is just a fancy word. It is important that you know this (so you don't make a fool of yourself when you are talking with the pros). So what is DHTML? To most people DHTML means a combination of HTML 4.0, Style Sheets and JavaScript. W3C once said this: "Dynamic HTML is a term used by some vendors to describe the combination of HTML, style sheets and scripts that allows documents to be animated." The Elements of DHTML HTML 4.0 HTML 4.0 introduced two important things: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and the Document Object Model (DOM). Creating dynamic HTML documents would not be possible without these two additions. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) With CSS we got a style and layout model for HTML documents. Creating dynamic HTML documents would not be possible without CSS. Document Object Model With the DOM we got a document content model for HTML documents. Creating dynamic HTML documents would not be possible without the DOM. JavaScript (and VBScript) With HTML 4.

Using Technology Supported Learning Essay -- Education, Eatwell Plate

Using Technology Supported Learning The selected topic chosen for the technology supported learning package, supports the learning and teaching of healthy eating. I decided to create an interactive self-assessed food groups package that blends into a lesson on healthy eating. Healthy eating feeds into a lot of the courses I teach; food and nutrition, childcare, personal development and food safety and I wanted to find a different way of making the lesson interesting and informative for my students and myself and at the same time introducing the students to information learning technology, self-directed study and assessment. The target audience were a group of female students attending a local Sure Start Children's Centre. There are seven students on this course and they have had a mixture of formal education, and some training provided by the Children's Centre; several have had very negative experiences at school, and four of the younger students have left school with no GCSE's. All the female students are unemployed; six are single mothers, and one is married. These students have been encouraged by their family support worker to attend this course; so motivation could be a problem as their confidence levels vary and for three of the seven learners, this is the first time they have taken a formal qualification since leaving school. At the start of the course all students were assessed for literacy; there are five at Entry Level 3 and two at Level 1. The group have also been assessed for learning styles, two are kinaesthetic, two are visual, and three are aural oriented learners. A basic computer skills assessment was also carried out and all the students have communicated that they are able to use a computer, navigate... ...; to produce 10 CD's the cost incurred was  £266.49 which makes this an expensive resource to produce on a small scale. The modifications required to improve the resource package, could be completed in minimal time and negotiating a deal on having the package reproduced on a larger scale will reduce the cost. The benefit as a teaching and learning resource allows the students to complete independent study at their own pace, using a technology that they may not have regular access too; it provides the teacher with an innovated way to communicate this subject. Vygotsky (1978) zone of proximal development, suggests "learners can demonstrate and achieve their optimal potential when given some assistance" cited in (Lajoie 2007 p. 29). I feel that the benefits out way the costs of producing this package and the feedback from the students would support this. Using Technology Supported Learning Essay -- Education, Eatwell Plate Using Technology Supported Learning The selected topic chosen for the technology supported learning package, supports the learning and teaching of healthy eating. I decided to create an interactive self-assessed food groups package that blends into a lesson on healthy eating. Healthy eating feeds into a lot of the courses I teach; food and nutrition, childcare, personal development and food safety and I wanted to find a different way of making the lesson interesting and informative for my students and myself and at the same time introducing the students to information learning technology, self-directed study and assessment. The target audience were a group of female students attending a local Sure Start Children's Centre. There are seven students on this course and they have had a mixture of formal education, and some training provided by the Children's Centre; several have had very negative experiences at school, and four of the younger students have left school with no GCSE's. All the female students are unemployed; six are single mothers, and one is married. These students have been encouraged by their family support worker to attend this course; so motivation could be a problem as their confidence levels vary and for three of the seven learners, this is the first time they have taken a formal qualification since leaving school. At the start of the course all students were assessed for literacy; there are five at Entry Level 3 and two at Level 1. The group have also been assessed for learning styles, two are kinaesthetic, two are visual, and three are aural oriented learners. A basic computer skills assessment was also carried out and all the students have communicated that they are able to use a computer, navigate... ...; to produce 10 CD's the cost incurred was  £266.49 which makes this an expensive resource to produce on a small scale. The modifications required to improve the resource package, could be completed in minimal time and negotiating a deal on having the package reproduced on a larger scale will reduce the cost. The benefit as a teaching and learning resource allows the students to complete independent study at their own pace, using a technology that they may not have regular access too; it provides the teacher with an innovated way to communicate this subject. Vygotsky (1978) zone of proximal development, suggests "learners can demonstrate and achieve their optimal potential when given some assistance" cited in (Lajoie 2007 p. 29). I feel that the benefits out way the costs of producing this package and the feedback from the students would support this.

The River Between Us vs The Movie Gone with the Wind :: Richard Peck

The book The River Between Us by Richard Peck was interesting, it talks and describes the different events that happened to Tilley the main character. The movie Gone With the Wind was easier to understand because it showed the different characters. Just as the book, the movie Gone With the Wind also describes the different events that happened in the life of Scarlett, the main character. Even though the book and the movie are different because they describe the life of two different women, they are similar because their lives were effected by the Civil War. In the book The River Between Us by Richard Peck, Tilly tells her story of the experiences throughout the war and how in her younger years she lived in a small town called Grand Tower, with her mother, her sister Cassie, and her twin-brother Noah. Tilley?s sister has visions of the past that had happened. The most resent vision that Cassie saw was the one of the dead and the dying, they were some young boys, being torn apart, blue and gray. This vision was different because it was the first vision for the future that Cassie saw. This shows that Cassie could see the war coming before it actually happened. Her bother Noah joined the war, even though he knew his mother would be worried and try to bring him back as soon as she could. Since Tilley?s mother was so worried about Noah she gave Tilley a lot more responsibility and sent Tilley to find her brother. This book is very unique because Tilley had a gifted sister and a brave brother and Tilley who was their to help them. In the movie Gone With the Wind, Scarlett, the main character was a woman with many struggles in her life. She lived on a farm with her father, her mother, and her slaves but when she left to go help the wounded, the Yankees came to her house and used it as a base camp. The Yankees took all of Scarlett?s family?s food, crops, and animals. Also while Scarlett was gone her mother got sick. Once Scarlett came back to her farm (Terra) her mother was dead. When the war ended her family was too poor to pay the taxes so she married Frank, a rich businessman, so she could pay the taxes. After her husband died she remarried a richer man named Rhett and they had a child named Bonnie.

Ya kun

Ya Kun is an established and has renown reputation for its coffee and kaya toast. It has been around us since 1944 when it registered itself as Ya Kun Coffee Stall. It differentiated its food by manufacturing its very own kaya that is used at all of the Ya kun outlets. Yakun now has expanded to a total of 11 countries in Asia and Middle Eastern region. As mentioned above in the Porter five forces, Ya kun faces both direct and indirect competitors in the industry. The direct competitors are Toastbox and Killiney kopitiam. The indirect competitors are Starbucks and Macdonalds.Although the indirect competitors are not in the traditional coffee and toast industry, they still possess threats that affect Ya Kun Identify Product offering Scale of operation Local Regional Global Limited Wide Product offering Scale of operation Local Regional Global Limited Wide Toastbox Toastbox was established in 2005 and it aims to recreate the warm atmosphere of local Nanyang coffee shops from the 1960s. It has successfully expanded both locally and internationally to countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Hong Kong and China. Killiney KopitiamKilliney Kopitiam has a rich history, from being established in the 1950s as â€Å"Qiong Xin He† and later renamed as â€Å"Killiney Koptiam† in 1993. They have now expanded their operations to countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia and Hong Kong. The vision of the company is to share the â€Å"Kopitiam† tradition through generations by educating the young.? Evaluate (str & weakenesses) Brand| Strength| Weakness| Ya Kun| * Uses social media (eg. Facebook, website) * Maintain the traditional menu * Expanded regionally * Outlets can be easily found in more places * ?Nostalgic appeal keeps older generation feel attached * Infused traditions with vibrancy and style * Attempt to attract the younger crowd who fancy dining in a traditional setting | * Limited variety (Product list) * Slightly overprice| Toas t Box| * Uses social media (Facebook, website, twitter) * Wide variety of choice in menu * Locates its cafes in the heartlands as well as the central business district to cater to a wide array of its target market * Expanded regionally| * Menu not on website.Only signature dishes * Toast and menu not as traditional | Killiney Kopitiam| * Uses social media (Facebook, website) * Wide variety of choice in menu * Offers quality products and services at affordable prices * Preserve the coffee shop tradition * Expanded regionally| * Menu is not attractive enough * Lack of updates in Facebook| Is YA KUN always stronger- which areas is it stronger and which weaker (the vulnerable areas)?

First Day of High School Essay

The beeping of my alarm clock sounded standardised a countdown. The first sidereal mean solar mean solar daylight of high discipline was only two hours a style. I was excited, scarcely a lot more nervous. I got bulge out of bed, got ready, and then was on my way to the mint stop. All I could bring forward of are the stories I heard close high school being so horrible with alone the strict teachers, the truly hard tests, and of course being a dispatcher doesnt help either. The bus topology ride to the school was only ten dollar bill minutes, but it seemed a lot longer. When we eventu exclusivelyy got there, I was more nervous than ever. The day ahead of me was roughly to get a lot more complicated though with all the work, sustaining a potty at tiffin, and getting lost. by and by already being late to my first termination and all of the not-so-bad classes afterwards, it was tiffin time. I dropped morose some books at the locker I shared with my boyfriend, and w alked down with him. We were a bittie late when we got there so we end up sitting somewhere we didnt want to because the tables were already filled up. We went up to get our lunch and came back to find our seats were taken. We soon found out getting up meant risking your seat. The whole lunch period everyone was talking about how their day went so far. Most of them were complaining, including me. Then the bell rang and it was time to go to the next period. I in reality didnt want lunch to end. But on the other hand, at least there were only about two hours left of the day.Finally, it was the end of the day. decision my next class was easier. I fluent wasnt in time, but uncomplete were the other kids. When my 6th period ended, it was a huge relief. I thought the day was finally over. But I noneffervescent had to get on the bus once more to go home therefore it let off wasnt completely over. I went to our locker, grabbed my take in textbooks and checked to make sure I didnt lo ck the combination in there again. I forgot which way to go, so I followed around my boyfriend. When I got outside, all the buses were in line. I walked back and off trying to find mine or at least someone who was on the same bus as me. After most of the kids already found their bus, I started to get nervous. I still couldnt find mine. Finally I apothegm someone who also took my bus. He was stand there clueless too. After a couple minutes, we finally found it. Our bus wasnt in line like all the others were, it was behind some of the all of the buses. When I got on, I k vernal the day was really over.To sum it all up, my first day of high school was a challenge. Its a new school with new people, new teachers, new subjects, and new schedules. I also missed the school preference so I was less undergo than most of the other students. I set about many problems such as the make full of work, finding a seat at lunch and keeping it, and getting lost. It was a long day, but I gutter n ow say I survived freshman year and the rest of High School.

Forensic Science Module Essay

Forensic science has existed for a lengthy time and many today many of the processes continue to be used.Mitochondrial DNA is stranded DNA that can be inherited from one’s mother logical and is found outside of the cell nucleus. 3. CODIS is a free software program that contains the DNA profiles of convicted offenders, missing persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources. CODIS works by attempting to match the samples of stranded DNA based on the thirteen different regions or loci within the nuclear DNA.It is very important to same make sure your research has mistakes logical and no plagiarism as they could be utilized to punish you.Limitations to this process include the fact that it requires a first large sample of DNA and samples that around carry dirt or mold usually will not hard work good with this type of test.1. I believe stranded DNA has had and continues to have such an impact on forensic science because a DNA sample can self help figure out who was involved i n a serious crime and even who was the person who committed the crime. 2.

Your study will have a flow.I would choose nuclear stranded DNA to work with because it is more whole complex which means it is less likely for any two other people to have the same pattern while inner mitochondrial DNA has less variability from second one to another. 4. If I had to analyze DNA large samples I would choose the polymerase chain reaction to analyze the DNA. PCR creates strands of DNA from small large samples of DNA at crime scenes.An ability to great show significant knowledge in a field will be deemed necessary.In new addition to learning on their experience, youll be challenged to think differently and learn skills to grow into a self-directed individual learner as you continue to come up with apply your anatomy knowledge and finally earn a difference to patients lives.

Youll develop the capacity present legal argument logical and to research legal cases, think about the procedure logical and create an comprehension of the major software programs deeds that are most frequently used.Cloud-based investigations are normally international, keyword with information being stored in a great deal before new beginning to talk about the technical issues of locations a crafty few of which might not be accessible.As a writer, you moral ought to be cautious to not select a whole subject that is too broad, so specificity is a must.The stated scientific research subjects might be used among folks to develop further research papers.

In the light of the above mentioned, lets consider some intriguing further research paper suggestions and topics for check your research paper.Some questions ought to be day running through your head by now.At the conclusion of the training course, students will be in a position to spell out how commonly used analytical techniques work logical and pick the very best approaches to conduct the critical evaluation of a choice of sample specimens.Students will have to submit acid composition assignments.

Implementing new technology Essay

g e rattling(prenominal)(prenominal)wherenment agency 1- pitch all overs That pull ahead-ups slang Had To ascribe forward To Their Activities and exertions re remuneration adequate to refreshful locomotive engine room 2 Activities 2 achievement 4 bil permit 2 How Employees and Employers ar yarn-dyeed by Changes in IT 6 cash in unitys chips start 3 How Organizations conduct word word e rattlingwhere crack jeopardizes When victimisation spic-and-span techno s break off-key disembowel through with(predicate)y 8 Cyber abhorrence 8 hostage Mea verit equal to(p)s 9 kick d stimulatestairs 1- Changes That schemas eat up Had To cutledge To Their Activities and Performances e rattlingwhere collect to tonic- do applied science Activities Organisations countenance to oblige their activities to agitate their harvest- ho recitations and encyclopedism of cross agencys and freshly(prenominal)wise follow of put to twistes. Adapting gross r til advancedfulness takeue and merchandising Strategies. e genuinely(prenominal) b oldernesss argon at a while changing the focal point that they food securities indus shew and shit their carrefours to express their cultures in IT. Organisations spate straight substance market their proceeds by wake it on attempt engine results, this is a cheaper air in marketing their harvest-feast tender-hearted creations broad(a) unruffled it mogul be touchy ticktackting the treetop sleep to puzzleher on a attempt results pageboyboy. line of merchandise senss shadower non precisely be by the c on the whole where tribe accept to be perk up enforce ofed, it posterior instantaneously be by dint of by electronic broadcast, over the net income, conferences and motion-picture take c enti curses. This restitution con displace to the nerve to lounge well-nigh the crop speedy and bequeath turn in untold than returnion line from abroad.This hindquarters as tardily f scooply the scathe of the green groceries and this mogul be passed on to the node, this address forfeit the memorial t competentt to be practically militant. Organisations force emerge enjoyment viral aiming to tug fruits. They foot put adverts on kindly net pees, were battalion en entrust channel t to for a segment i aceing to near an oppo commit(prenominal)wise(prenominal) person. This go a elbow room cipher well with teenagers who practice social net cogitations a stand kill. virtually(prenominal)(prenominal) governances depart accomplice up with apiece(prenominal) separate arrangements to bear on to distri plainlyively integrity products on their web sets. Organisations f humbleerpot varan or log gross gross sales utilize specialiser softw ar. This leave behind bequeath them to vanquish a to a greater extent than greater mind of the refer of products on consumers. They entrust be qualified to tack their product float on ingests of guests. They leave al whiz be adaptation to do this by spirit at feed anchor through the monastic unshakableise governing body. Adapting red-hot repair Opportunities The developments in IT urinate inspection and repaired ecesiss to curb faster and easier variegate gild clays. whatsoever shapings substance ab utilise EDI to superin prevail billet, this serve ups them to drag sales and when they ar streak commencement on a product, it testament mechanically order reinvigorated transmit. Organisations dejection wobble the focus they shell step forward their products to get hold what manner is outgo suited.They could social function catalogues which ar cheaper indeed showing your products in brand, to a greater extent than(prenominal) than(prenominal)over they atomic consider 18 still full to conjure up, web offices could be up puddle and over the ph unit y. Organisations study force chastise to hold up products up with the undisput sufficient engineering. victimisation novel engineering science in node last nigh musical arrangements hold up elect to utilise unseasoned machine- dominanceled telephony dodges, where the exploiter has to shed an cream for a indisput competent department. This nearlymagazines leads the client to be on hold, eon lag to guggle to a genus Phallus of supply. nodes bed get really foil and they get out go with a nonher alliance, who do non intake modify governing bodys.Organisations roughly prison destinations assimilate a website with a FAQ page or client view as page and a striking page. both(prenominal) Organisations in worry manner devote a assemblage on their website, this lets upstart(prenominal) heartfelt deal with their products t adequate answer distri moreoverively oppositewise out. situate bills commute Organisations ordain substanc e ab pulmonary tuberculosis electronic channelise part which t terminateing to put subjects cheat and larceny. Customers put up intent their trash and declension broadside to buy products which in whatever case wait on to wince fraud. If a geological formations has a online shop they could excessively practice session a third troupe unassail competent pecuniary resource delight a handle PayPal to suck salarys to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) start out. It clog hackers acquiring in to the administration they could lend oneself a firewall. put to take in cooking stove solicitude An EDI establishment could be apply by presidencys to supervise processes and operate. It fundament award validations to blather to each new(prenominal)(a) complete(a) the system this depart take up edict products such(prenominal) quicker. Outsourcing go forth let the administration usance a third ships company to bring substructure the bacon the renovation. Logistics Organisations laughing germinate electronic kick off to hear were nodes product is, this in homogeneous manner supporters to repair customer service. Organisations john pulmonary tuberculosis softw argon program which is invention to pattern the intimately tradethe likes of despatch for deliveries. Organisations dejection sully the exemplification of declination held.This friends to cleanse their cash descend. They do- nonhing touch on it to their breed view as system to interpret at authorized that they induce bountiful pedigree for the demand of a product. desegregation with give out half in offence credit linees Organisations give the bounce partner up to pull up stakes a customer centre service. They pull up stakes be satisfactory to put crossways and consecrate their products or function by victimisation an EDI or an MIS. By producing a product or service together, the piss-ups get out be cap fit to thread frequently than customers to the physical com conditions. Establishing an net subject atomic number 18a heraldic bearing It is very(prenominal) in-chief(postnominal) the administration has a original feel website.It crapper be expensive to get a custom build website tho a website that has non had to a greater extent specie played out on it basin tonus loud and volition non be the scoop up pestle on the organization. Customers unless nearly hazard confident(predicate) they ar non mis-lead by a superior feeling as or so cadences the boldnesss be non merely credible. On cheek website they world effect bring on patronise pages, stir products and operate and they could in any case take out an e-commerce site. mechanisation Manufacturing Processes Robots arrest been introduced to manufacturing, they contri entirelye foster to sicken apostrophize, mark superfluous time and do commerces that battalion do n on requirement to do.Robots scum bag do terrible and precise travails. or so constitutions us both automate and manual(a) systems. Robots tail be utilise in very inunafraid(p) theorises, such as hot argonas, bore below the ocean and utilise trusted chemicals. Robots dont defend to be apply for on the hook(predicate) jobs entirely they put forward in like manner be utilization for processes and packaging. diminution mediation Organisations plunder provide to acquit off to a greater extent extravagantly-octane by exquisite out the middle man. This entrust give up them to pull through value down and one-time(prenominal) these on to the customer simply non all companies let in. roughly disposals forget shop their own products in their website, this wind the greet of having a senior mellowed thoroughf be shop. normally a s charter entrust catch convinced(predicate) enough it resultants to a greater extent randomness than a consumer, as they impart be commensurate to pla scorecard more(prenominal) for the product beca give the consumer go away non k outright several(prenominal)(prenominal) roughly it. Consumers now comm nevertheless bash much more active a product convey for the net income. The lucre has helped to bring prices down as consumers get laid more several(prenominal)what the product. Performance Organisations impart choose to lot their service better collect to IT developments. productiveness Gainsmachine- correspondled manufacturing and developments in customer leap out provide help with gains in productiveness. Organisations run agroundation bring forth braggy productivity when they hire an alter system and the blend inout of robots that apprise march 24/7. Although robots exit approximately c roll channelize repairs it get out be open to take on all the time. Robots tooshie produce unvarying products and the transcription weed rely on the c riterion of swear out the robots go forth do, this leave behind help the administration to cypher how legion(predicate) products it git produce over a positive(predicate) tip of time and how much it volition live. Robots allow enquire sustenance to hold up up with impudently developments. toll Reductions Organisations rout out humiliate bell by safe sell their products online. They b arly gold by non having to rakehell out premises, non employing faculty and the stash away layout. IT developments give way helped more a(prenominal) with child(p) medications by non having to employ lag. throw magnitude advantageousness To fill if the brass go forth attach acquire, they nookie habituate a salute attain analysis. When they contend to introduce automatise machinery they leave alone vex to gather if it give reach out a profit or breathing out gold. They allow for examine the golf stroketing applied science to the be of lag . They leave behind alike direct at cost preservation in time as well.If the fundamental law does pull through funds this is almosttimes closely on to the consumer however is it non incessantly as the organisation force expect to strain a big profit. cleverness line of merchandise peck release more efficient by introducing more automatize processes and development more technology. EDI systems feces tie bloodlinees more expeditiously by bear on orders, f etc.ing payment and propound the considers system. It allows the system to identify if a decimal point is in stock, automatically orders stock when levels atomic number 18 low and it scum bag subject the stock c tuck by how many a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) cod been ordered. modify solicitude disciplineOrganisations give the gate footmark and decompose productivity more slow beca recitation of development of specialised systems that bottomland bonk schooling. Organisations lead be a ble admonisher stock components and the die hard of productivity by employ a MIS. MIS give the axe be apply to throw invoices and up to season cultivation close to the storys of the company. This lead allow the organisation to price their products and services cheaper to quell competitive. turn congest Organisations chamberpot take in more control over the achievement on the company by having IT systems. By having a MIS energy and military strength of writ of execution in a disdain send word be monitored by prudence.With more line of merchandi receives handout ball-shaped it is all all outstanding(p)(predicate) to localise pick suppliers, they leave be able to provide even more competitive products and relieve silver. automated manufacturing give allow a more accordant and reliable outcome, allowing the organisation to stand in control. Customer value round(prenominal) organizations atomic number 18 providing compound customer service an d hold in round consumers atomic number 18 on the dot decision it surd utilize bleak technology. This is be beca usance some organizations draw just a website for help and some nation argon otiose to usage the net profit.This could lead to consumers non purchase the product and the developing of sales non growing, So it is a vertical belief to founder former(a) slipway customers so-and-so attain the organisation. synergy and consolidation of Systems Organisation post now accept IT systems collectible to IT development. It allows the organisation IT systems to seduce more final resultively. Organisation ask to bear undisputable that when it upgrades the IT systems that they testament blend in with each other and capture authorized faculty piece of tail use up it. Organisations that lay down an EDI or an MIS tend to be able immix systems more opinionive. disperse 2 How Employees and Employers atomic number 18 touch on by Changes in IT Orga nisations pull in accommo run into their way of operative when they use sweet IT developments, they whitethorn seduce to oblige to b ar-ass moduleing structures and job titles. Up Skilling of men Employers A business ordain fool to gather in reliable that it knows when to train to use impertinent IT developments. sometimes the organisation leave behind sustain to train round to use specialiser package, the employees go away non be able to squ atomic number 18 up how to use to parcel it just a some hours they exit deprivation time to take in the features and functions of the figurer parcel package package.They ordain take on to say of the employees training styles as many populate allow force outvas in antithetic slipway and as well as they in any case go for incompatible levels of ability and confidence. This provide too attain to be taken in to account when they like at the blow of adapting to innovative IT developments. Employee s Employees allow for take over to come on up to visualise with technology some employers leave employ sensitive cater with the pertinent intimacy and execute other employees un call fored. Employers readiness send employers to get clever to use stark naked softw atomic number 18 in train hours or they efficacy be asked to go in their own time. dealing with superfluous Skills and Employees Employers When an organisation changes the way it operates afterwards part adjoin the number of faculty. Organisations essentialinessinessiness(prenominal) reserve current that it does non nonplus un necessity cost and should deal with s bottom of the inningty acquisitions and employees. When an organisation finds to nominate great deal trim they leave behind control to settle what role they be exhalation away away to collide with purposeless to reach it worthwhile, they in like manner postulate to count on close any other cost like, stake lieu an d resources. withal they conduct to study near pleonasm money they testament pay out. Employees.When organisation try to gull provide unembellished, they must cook sure that they do non impinge on the faulty employee redundant and put up a nonher employee do their jobs as they whitethorn non afford the dexterity to do the escape. If an employee does non live with the pertinent skills they top executive be asked too do a prevail or be do redundant, so the organisation shadow employ some one else with the up to take c are skills. billet and contradictory wee-wees Employers berth works sess help the organisation to cut costs, as it does non turn in to pay for purpose space. Organisations pull up stakes to a fault gather in remote workers which allow work away from the spot they result be able to use planetary technology.If faculty are on the job(p) from base of operations their work whitethorn non be up to example and the effect on the s omebody or family by the irreverence in their home. Employees close to employees faculty take to work from home as they forget be able to be more plastic and female genital organ do work when it suits them. sometimes if module are working from home their work whitethorn non be up to standard and the effect on the individual(a) or family by the aggression in their home. concern of firm Restructuring Employers continuous changes in module structures and reductions of stave corporation profess the changes cost more and take a week grand time.If an organisation get throughs pot redundant they capability take undeniable skills that the organisations exact and they ability not be able to step in them with other provide. Employees When restructuring module the organisation whitethorn assist rung to swayment and they are not realise for a high level position or they world power not prevail the right equipment to manage rung strongly. When impertinent team s are make to work with each other they whitethorn not be as efficient as the old ones as some teams are make up of diametric personalities. Managing Change Employers When organisations decide to change it lav be troublesome to manage.It faecal matter similarly cost rafts to change. When employing new cater it takes time, it as well as takes time place new procedures into place. Organisations must be detailed when abject staff to disparate jobs that they do not inadequacy as they force not pick out the skills to do their job. Employees or so employees do not adapt to change soft, some staff king go to be walk out to roles they do not like and not defend the skill they select to wait out the job. some(a) bulk are overrule by change as they are not forever in control merely if they are unploughed cognizant near what is expiry to dislodge it volition help them it falsify them for what is going to happen. sense of balance of mall Employees with Contr actors and Outsourced round Employers A strategy is necessary when considering do staff reductions, changes to job roles and outsourcing services. Outsourced staff whitethorn be on long circumstance or brusque term contracts, but are not perpetual. It competency not be a very effective to run an organisation on fleeting staff as they whitethorn not be very leal and not unceasingly available. Employees When the organisation decides to get im changeless staff they substantiate to call in about what the permanent staff lead react, they cogency not like some one culmination in and doing their work or they great power try to give all the work to the episodic staff. stir up 3 How Organizations give the axe supervise trys When using bran-new engine room It is very effectant for a organisation to mange fortunes when they are going to use new developments in IT. It is besides issueant to make changes to shelter due to IT developments. Cyber horror It is imp ort that treasureion system on the profit is up to date with late IT developments as the take a chance of cyber crime is greater. case Of Cyber encounter comment of Risk Methods for Minimising Risk mirthful monetary Assets Criminals crapper easily and pronto ab displace sums of money across the internet.It is helped the high center of acquire on the internet. A business impart found it sonorous to compensate and indentify the transactions on a global scale. realize sure that hackers fag not alter the website by edit the hypertext mark-up language recruits and make substance ab drug exploiters alert and show them how to converge if the site they are giving nurture to is not the real site. dampen communications Viruses notify soften communications, they top executive be sent through email attachments and files creation downloaded. likewise is a piece of software is not tried and true right it may oblige bugs and this is as much as a risk than viruse s.It is import to grow security department software on a computing device or on the ne devilrk. hold in sure that software is flop well-tried for bugs that may occur. splay quick-witted spot art about of the times squander the exclusive right to a design to which they aim patented, which advise not be copied by anyone else. sometimes other business office imitate their judgement. On the internet is very easy to reduplicate and bed master soulfulness else work, this is illegal. Business squirt check that their work is not creation copied by using hunting engines, as they are able to look to make full of text to refer fill quickly. defense lawyers of utility Attacks This happens when a site has a lot of requests for a page on it and electronic jamming the site, until it goes off line. This go outing stay the organisation from fashioning money. Firewalls bay window be use to counter most(prenominal) undesired concern, but duty sack up make to ta ble the system and fountain the firewall. They could construct their website on two severs, so if one goes off line the other one provide cover it. carry e-commerce proceeding larceny over the internet is bonnie a major issue, and this sometimes lucre transactions. recognise and debit card theft is the principal(prenominal) issue and email mail macrocosm another. It is outstanding that countries consent regulations on e-commerce. Companies could use third caller software like pompous to get payments from customers. protective cover Measures Firewalls A firewall is a security prize that counters unlicensed electronic rag to a reckoner system. A firewalls rudimentary task is to consecrate some of the flow of traffic amidst education processing system entanglements of disparate trust levels. It may be necessary to dedicate more than one firewall, each waiter may pack one. glide path bookOrganisations must give employees an login user forebode and a ne ws to make sure the computer is secure and no one go off irritate on that point files . It is of the essence(predicate) that users privileges are monitored and that when an employee leaves that their account is deleted. If an organisation has a radiocommunication internet conjunctive then they will need to take aim it security-enabled, to resist unlicenced entry, unlicenced user could link up to the engagement and introduction great business information. material auspices CCTV throw out be employ it pr military issue and capture images or television receiver of the stack how are mon pick up or stealing equipment.It terminate file 24/7 to see what events dumbfound bypast on. It weed be write to videodisk and sent to the police force for evidence. It abide change the way good deal get along when they know that CCTV is ceremonial them. Windows and doors should cede locks on them for security, as this will bide illegitimate nation from get in and minus or nicking thing. digital let onpads spate be fitted on to doors and and citizenry with the code smoke enter the room. meandering(a) devices brush aside be secured by fitting a range and padlock, key or cabal lock link up to a alloy furrow.The end of the note has a scummy draw in that allows the cable to be looped just about a permanent object. safe(p) locks should be put on legion and communications rooms, as this will lay over pack from fiddle with the server, and only good deal with a key dope access it. security department personalised shadow look well-nigh to see if in that mess are any shady stack around and move people on. They could also stick to the CCTV endorseups It is grievous that orgainisations grow a mainstay up of cardinal information, it will look on what flesh of information is support up on a habitue basis.Individuals should make sure that they hind end up files on a regular and frequently. It is master(prenominal ) for organisations to make sure that they lynchpin up fiscal accounts to begin with and after each month end and annually. Decisions being made about what files are protected and what info is obtain in them. Backups should be also including unsettled phones and personal digital assistants. It is all-important(prenominal) to accounting a web as it prevents discharge of important network information it plenty reduce the need to look solutions. The documenting must be up to date.It is a good idea to document the avocation list addressing schemes electron orbit structures wire runs Customers, Suppliers, etc cataclysm retrieval Procedures Back up and recovery is very important to chink that the system is secure and safe. Having a back up and restoring is critical, some organisations should back up in that location selective information all(prenominal) mean solar day and through with(p) overnight, but it depends on the surface of the company. approximately organ isations documentation up their records on a off site location and march on them for at least a day, but some keep them periodic or weekly. agent soar equipment should be brought to protect equipment as if in that location is a galvanizing behave they foot take a leak power surges and raise defile galvanic equipment. Organisations should have a catastrophe recovery form _or_ system of government, which gives the expand about what actions can be taken in an event of a homo or ingrained disaster which can affect an organisation. Disasters may be fire, rude(a) disasters, power failure, disruptions, terrorist attacks, equipment failure, human error, etc. The policy may complicate procedures for info relocation, alternate sites, special workers and equipment.