Implementing An Effective Food Safety Management System Management Essay

Actualizing An Effective Food Safety Management System Management Essay Concerning the exploration speculation, the analyst reasoned that there are two primary basic variables were uncovered through the information investigation that not exclusively were considered as the most significant factors in actualizing a viable Food Safety Management System (ISO 22000), yet additionally end up being the most persuasive factors in the advancement of the level of the viability of FSMS (ISO 22000) for usage in Egyptian food handling organization. The administration duty as to improve correspondence between stuff, update FSMS, rouse stuff individuals and allot assets for compelling FSMS usage and getting ready for acknowledgment of safe items execution, for example, recognizing likely dangers, update and audit HACCP plan and anticipating meeting FSMS prerequisites have a significant and significant effect on expanding the viable execution of FSMS (ISO 22000). Concerning accessibility of simple documentation and general administrative methods prerequisites adjacent to great assets the executives goodly affect successful usage of FSMS (ISO 22000). As such, all together for the food organizations to successfully execute FSMS framework they should center their endeavors to reinforce their inside documentation framework, the board obligation, assets the executives and arranging and acknowledgment of safe items for upgrading improvement and powerful usage of FSMS (ISO22000). As a last end, the sanitation quality administration framework ought to be investigated, assessed and refreshed consistently to improve its adequacy. A successful making arrangements for creating a protected food item will partake in accomplishing a positive advancement pattern in FSMS viability execution. The scientist accepts that HACCP arranging impacts the achievement of the viable execution of a sanitation quality administration framework in any food fabricating association, instructional classes, enlistments and courses ought to be consistently directed for all degrees of staff to improve their consciousness of the significance of the food quality administration framework. 6.2 Recommendations for Future Work It is prescribed to extend the extent of study to cover different parts in the organization evolved way of life food producing as well as providers, distribution centers, fare and end client or some other segment, to have a general assessment of the sanitation quality administration framework executed in Dreem Company. This general assessment will help keep up and improve the sanitation quality administration framework to have the option to adapt to the future turns of events and fortify the capacity of Dreem Company to deliver safe items and contend in both neighborhood and worldwide markets. 6.3 Limitations Be that as it may, this investigation experiences a few constraints, which need remedial activities to assist the framework with being progressively powerful, this impediment can be summed up as follows: Concerning test size Because of the little example size, these outcomes can't be summed up to the whole Egyptian food industry. Further work must fuse a bigger example size and numerous organizations keen on the field of food handling. Concerning Documentation and General Requirements 1. It very well may be seen that there is a great deal of desk work and reports that are utilized in observing FSMS, that consider being a block of the requirements the application framework successfully, upgrade documentation framework and wiping out all non esteem included administrative work will bolster executing FSMS viably. 2. Documentation framework should have been refreshed occasionally as indicated by constant refreshing of FSMS and to meet framework and friends present day applications. 3. Extra mindfulness and endeavors is required to advise staff part with the significance of records in checking FSMS and include staff part in building up archives that fit with the end goal of utilization. 4. Dangers that may influence items and sanitation should have been increasingly characterized and tended to in various capacities to create sharp center thinking about possible risks, just creation, quality control and quality confirmation capacities have posted and tended to visual guides explain perils may influence the item, risks that may influence Food Safety ought to be tended to in different capacities like distribution centers upkeep and coordinations 5. It tends to be seen that there is a pool of legitimate frameworks to drive the predictable execution of the arrangement, since not all staff and representatives comprehend the organization strategy and methodology of the organization to accomplish wanted degrees of sanitation, mindfulness and acceptances particularly to the new comers or new section workers expected to feature strategy and procedure. Concerning Management Responsibility 1. Top administration should counter about persuading worker and rousing them, high number of the staff feeling that top administration concentrated uniquely on amounts rather that quality, so representatives and stuff should have been propelled by top administration and to adjust both of concentrating on amounts to concentrate on item quality 2. Absence of characterizing obligations and specialists entomb organization, analyst saw that numerous workers don't know by the position and duties of center administration staff and group pioneers and how the duty and authority can be utilized adequately in viable usage of FSMS and conquer distinctive possible impediments, top administration ought to plan fitting sets of responsibilities and all around characterized rules for various representatives in FSMS applications 3. Correspondence between top administration and staff individuals ought to be created to know the issues and tuning in to their proposals for explaining and expelling snags that obstruct compelling usage of FSMS 4. Simultaneously top administration ought to advise staff part with adjustment and updates in administrative and legal in standard way through gathering with work headers and sanitation colleagues. Concerning Resources Management 1. The analyst inferred that budgetary and physical assets ought to be advertisement likened gave to improve the powerful usage of FSMS, offices and materials that upgrade cleanliness and GMPs ought to be accessible and given in convenient way to various regions. 2. It is seen that a ton of number of new bosses are originating from various societies and they have not past experience about how to deal with food items, cleanliness prerequisites, GMPs and food fabricating directions, nonstop enlistments, mindfulness and preparing ought to be conveyed to new comer workers and current representatives 3. Level of current skills for staff individuals ought to be investigated normally to assess distinctive preparing requirements for staff part that improve powerful usage of FSMS. Concerning Planning and acknowledgment for safe items 1. The analyst found that PRPs must acquire regard for be a powerful instrument in improving FSMS applications, systems ought to be built up to guarantee the viability of PRPs executions and dispensed assets for actualizing PRPs programs. 2. To improve quality control level visual guides ought to be tended to and presented on impart and illuminate staff individuals with quality boundaries levels. Likewise to give preparing to works and quality control spectators with the ongoing change in FSMS and refreshed quality control boundaries for various items. 3. Assessing and observing CCPs results ought to be reported to staff part to take an interest in illuminating and expel potential dangers that may influence the items. 4. Remedial activities ought to be surveyed in opportune standard way. Evacuate all obstructions that may thwart development and usage of restorative activities that analyst found that numerous remedial activities despite everything opened and required for successful activities to close them. Concerning Improve Food Safety Management System 1. It tends to be seen that there is a pool of executing assessment and estimation for FSMS usage when enhancements or remedial activities to see the advancement of utilizations. Examination of execution is applied however not on wide scale in FSMS 2. Specialist found that there is deficiency in approval of the adequacy of executing FSMS during normal time of times. Numerous strategies and utilizations of FSMS should have been verificated and approved, additionally all assignable main drivers ought to be expelled. 3. The FSMS could be progressively successful if the discoveries for interior and outer reviews are increased more consideration for usage and approvals. References References: Adams, C.E. (1994),  ¿Ã‚ ½ISO 9000 and HACCP systems⠿â ½, Food and Drug Law Journal., Vol. 49, pp. 603-7. Adams, C. (2000),  ¿Ã‚ ½HACCP applications in the foodservice industry⠿â ½, Journal of the Association of Food and Drug Officials, Vol. 94 No. 4, pp. 22-5. Al-Nakeeb, A., Williams, T., Hibberd, P. what's more, Gronow, S. (1998),  ¿Ã‚ ½Measuring the adequacy of value affirmation frameworks in the development industry⠿â ½, Property Management, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 222-8. American Society for Quality (ASQ), Food Safety-A Quality Management Systems Approach, Quarterly Quality Report, June 2007. Armistead, C.,Pritchard, J.P. what's more, Machin, S. (1999),  ¿Ã‚ ½Strategic business process the board for authoritative effectiveness⠿â ½, Long Range Planning, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 96-106. Bauman, H.E. (1994), The source of the HACCP frameworks and ensuing assessment, Food Science and Technology Today. Vol.8, pp,66-72. Bennet, W.L. what's more, Steed, L.L. (1999),  ¿Ã‚ ½An incorporated way to deal with food safety⠿â ½, Quality Progress,February, pp. 37-42. Bertolini, M., Rizzi, A. what's more, Bevilacqua, M. (2007),  ¿Ã‚ ½An elective way to deal with HACCP framework implementation⠿â ½, Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 79 No. 4, pp. 1322-8. Bhuiyan, N. what's more, Alam, N. (2005),  ¿Ã‚ ½An examination concerning issues identified with the

National Security Strategy Comparison

Mid-Term Essay †Compare/Contrast European Security Strategy (ESS) with US National Security Strategy (NSS) By James E. McDonald Regional/Cultural Studies Lesson 03 24 Mar 2013 Instructor: Col (ret) Frank Belote Air Command and Staff College Distance Learning Maxwell AFB, AL The Security Strategy of the United States has stamped similitudes and contrasts to the Security Strategy of Europe. This can be successfully followed to the similitudes and contrasts between the two societies themselves, especially in the social variables of religion, modernization, ethnicity/patriotism, and geography.The US and Europe have various reactions to the modernization of fighting from conventional (ships, armed forces, tanks, airplane) to â€Å"asymmetrical† (fear mongering, digital fighting), to a great extent from contrasts in geology: With the prominent special cases of Pearl Harbor and the World Trade Center, our foe danger has been a huge number of miles away, while Europe has seen two grisly â€Å"world wars† and demonstrations of dread submitted directly on home soil.However, for the motivations behind this paper, I will concentrate on religion and ethnicity/patriotism, and how these two elements influence key culture. Culture is significant. It characterizes what’s critical to a gathering, or country. It rises in expressed tenet, laws, methodology. It characterizes what our identity is. There are normal perspectives, interests, needs, and verbiage in both Security Strategic records. Significant forces find a sense of contentment. The world economy has developed; globalism is progressively significant. We should lessen reliance on remote energy.We have a promise to coalition with one another (US and Europe) by means of NATO (Obama, 2010, 1-9) (European Security Strategy, 2003, 2-14). NATO has made a solid tie between the US and Europe since it was made to contain the Soviets, incorporating Europe and the United States strategically and militarily (Friedman, 2011, 1). Truth be told, â€Å"For any sort of military arranging and activities as to Russia, the Europeans will like to act through NATO instead of the EU. † (Valesek, 2008, 1)In differentiation to the above shared characteristics, the United States archive, while recognizing that â€Å"no one nationâ€no matter how powerfulâ€can address worldwide difficulties alone†, more than once shows looks at â€Å"Nationalist† suggestions with articulations, for example, â€Å"Our nation has the qualities that have upheld our authority for decadesâ€sturdy unions, an unrivaled military, the world’s biggest economy, a solid and developing majority rule government, and a unique populace. † (Obama, 2010, 1-9). The European report, then again, straightforwardly and over and over calls for â€Å"Unification† and â€Å"Cooperation† (European Security Strategy, 2003, 1-8).The United States can draw from European strict history and e thnic cause, which gives it some social likenesses. Simultaneously, the introduction of our country was a great deal more later, thus significantly not the same as the start of European history, that it’s no big surprise there are central contrasts in culture. Indeed, even before the Declaration of Independence (â€Å"God† and â€Å"truth† referenced) or the US Constitution were drafted (â€Å"freedom of religion†), early America was established in Christianity. The main Pilgrims fled strict mistreatment in Europe.Christian tenet has been cited in discourses given by American pioneers from the earliest starting point (Governor John Walthrop, Massachusetts Governor, 1630), to later/present-day Presidents (Reagan, GW Bush, Obama), The United States has been alluded to as something â€Å"different†, a brilliant illustration all the world to see and copy, a â€Å"city on a hill†. (Walthrop, 1630, 1). America, from its beginnings to today, while inviting decent variety, keeps on being a predominately Christian culture, taking into account strict hints in national archives (for the most part noticeable through reference to â€Å"values†, and â€Å"truth†).Europe then again, in its test to bring together the 27 nations that structure the European Union (Rosenberg, 2011, 1), must proceed with caution so as not to distance or outrage any bit of the contemporary mix of Christian, Muslim, and â€Å"Secular† societies (Rubenstein, 2011, 1). Both the US and Europe are ethnically and racially assorted. Many wonder about the capacity to hold bearing and center despite such decent variety. Early America shaped workers into a â€Å"melting pot†, blending verifiable roots into a soup that turned out to be unmistakably â€Å"American†.Nowadays, the inclination is to clutch ethnic contrasts and portray the outcome as a â€Å"mosaic† or â€Å"salad bowl† †separate pieces that, when seen in general, make a bigger picture (Branigin, 1998). Disregarding this ongoing movement to hold ethnic independence, America appears to effectively arrange this into its frontiersman â€Å"rugged individualist† mindset, yet in evading division along racial lines, figures out how to effectively grasp all gatherings into a feeling of solitary â€Å"nationalism†.Europe then again, battles to adjust 27 countries, each with their own feeling of patriotism, without giving noteworthy inclination to any one culture. A definitive effect of these strict and ethnic/nationalistic contrasts is that, indeed, the US National Security Strategy peruses uniquely in contrast to the European Security Strategy. The difference in foundation brings about various wording and position, various explanations behind why we do what we do, and the ideal outcome. This can cause misjudging, and even doubt between these two extraordinary entities.However, it’s essential to reason that by and la rge, we BOTH have a similar extreme aim: a proceeded with promise to trans-atlantic relationship, globalized economy, diminished reliance on outside vitality, and, above all, harmony and security to our reality (Obama, 2010, 1-9) (European Security Strategy, 2003, 2-14). Taking everything into account, numerous world scientists (counting Samuel P Huntington in his guide of â€Å"The World of Civilizations†), while recognizing social classifications on the planet, bunch the US, Canada, Greenland, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand as â€Å"the West† (Huntington, 1997, 26).Due to the accentuation on solid strict roots, faith in right, show fate, and ethnic assorted variety in the United States, our expressed goals and self-distinguished job on the planet is special. In any case, by and large, European †US procedure and culture are not all that amazingly unique. List of sources Branigin, William, â€Å"The Myth of the Melting Pot: America’s Racial and Ethnic Divides. Migrants Shunning Idea of Assimilation† (Washington, DC: Washington Post, 25 May 1998), http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/national/longterm/meltingpot/melt0525a. htmEuropean Security Strategy, A Secure Europe in a Better World, (Brussels, 12 December 2003), 2-14 Friedman, George, â€Å"The Crisis of Europe and European Nationalism† (Austin, TX: StratFor Global Intelligence, 13 September 2011), 1, http://www. stratfor. com/week by week/20110912-emergency europe-and-european-patriotism Huntington, Samuel P. , â€Å"The World of Civilizations† The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York, NY: Touchstone, 1997), 26-27 Obama, Barack, National Security Strategy (Washington, DC: Whitehouse Archives, 2010), 1-9Rosenberg, Matt, â€Å"European Union Countries† (About. com, 09 December 2011), 1, http://geology. about. com/od/records/an/eumembers. htm Rubenstein, Richard L. , â€Å"Islam and Christianity: The Roots of Euro pe’s Religious Identity† (New English Review, December 2011), 1, http://www. newenglishreview. organization/custpage. cfm/frm/102790/sec_id/102790 Valesek, Tomas, â€Å"Europe’s Defense and its New Security Strategy† (Center for European Reform Bulletin: London, England, Dec 2007-Jan 2008), 1, http://gees. organization/documentos/Documen-02705. pdf Walthrop, John, â€Å"Modell of Christian Charity† (Massachusetts, 1630), 1,

Trace All Your Social Network Statistics For Free

Trace All Your Social Network Statistics For Free Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! Trace All Your Social Network Statistics For Free Updated On 17/04/2017 Author : Nikita Mishra Topic : Reviews Short URL : http://hbb.me/2oziyM7 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog Nowadays, everybody shares their ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. They also want to see data of their social networks like Facebook and Twitter. They check out their activities and events on social networks. There is a tool named ThinkUp which makes your search very easy. It is a open source application which is absolutely free. You don’t need to pay to use it, can host it on your own servers, and there’s a huge community of developers that are helping contribute to the documentation and source code. You can stock your social activities with ThinkUp. ThinkUp captures your posts, replies, retweets, friends, followers, and links on social networks like Twitter and Facebook. They will be adding more networks in the future. ThinkUp stores your social data in a database you control, and makes it easy to search, sort, filter, export, and visualize in useful ways. All you need is a web server that can run a PHP application. You can also check the useful tools to track your comments online. Features Analyzing : In order to perceive your social network activities, it provides you an accurate and understanding graphs and charts on its dashboard. It will help you to understand easily. Searching : You can search for your own tweets, activities, events, etc. Visualizing : Here is a new way to see your conversations. ThinkUps rich visualizations let you see your replies mapped across the globe. Publishing : You can publish your discussion on a blog or website.It is beneficial for everyone. Connecting : Browse through all the links photos shared on your social network, in one click, or easily review any tweets you have made as favorite. Exporting : Export your tweets at any time and open them as a spreadsheet in Excel for further analysis. Or just save them for record keeping. .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READExtragram - Instagram At It's BestThis article is written by Nikita Mishra. She writes about blogging, internet tips and tricks, SEO, cool websites, etc. If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

The Positive and Negative effects of the Industrial...

The Positive and Negative effects of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution had many positive and negative impacts on society. The positive include cheaper clothes, more job opportunities, and improvement in transportation. And the negative would include exploitation of women and children, workers work long hours and environmental damages. These are just a few that I believe had an impact on the Industrial Revolution. England was an ideal place for the Industrial Revolution to begin. It had a great location it was by the water, so it was perfect for employment. It had lots of natural resources; it had a good or rather a wealthy economy and also a large population. Countless people were domesticated workers. The†¦show more content†¦Being as everyone was making money meant that everyone was in the same social class. The middle class people believed that they need a raise but employers would use the David Ricardo theory â€Å"iron law of wages† which was t o always hold wages to the subsistence level if raises were given it would encourage workers to have more children employers used this argument against pay raises . One of the negative impacts was the labor of women and children. Women wentShow MoreRelatedPositive and Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution1144 Words   |  5 PagesPositive and Negative Impacts of the Industrial Revolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The Industrial Revolution was a change in the mid-18th  century from small scale, domestic production of goods to machine-based, mass production of goods. It is usually thought of as having mostly or only positive impacts on Europe. Although the revolution did have many positive impacts, it had its fair share of negative impacts as well. Some of the positive outcomes included the overall increase in production and value ofRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesDBQ- Positive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 1700’s. The Industrial Revolution was a time of new inventions, products, and methods of work. The results of the Industrial Revolution led to many short and long-term positive and negative effects. These results have been assessed from many viewpoints such as the factory workers, the factory owners, the government, and other people who observed the conditions in industrial citiesRead MoreEffects Of The Industrial Revolution On America And England982 Words   |  4 PagesAs Stephen Gardiner once said, â€Å"The industrial revolution was another one of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization.† The Industrial Revolution was in fact an extraordinary jump in the development of the U.S. It created a foundation for what the U.S is today socially, economically, and politically. The Industrial Revolution played a major role in the industrialization and modernization and still has effects to this day . These effects lead to more trade, better transportationRead MoreThe Positives And Cons Of The Industrial Revolution835 Words   |  4 PagesIs the Industrial Revolution as Good as We Think It Is? Bill Gates once said, â€Å"If you go back to 1800, everybody was poor. 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Even more so, we definitely do not think about what it would be like to have to special order an outfit after picking the material and being fittedRead MoreThe Positives Of The Industrial Revolution1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Positives of the Industrial Revolution While some might debate that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of child labor, it was essentially a positive thing for society. Industrialization’s positive effects were new laws to improve working conditions, production increased, and merchandise became cheaper. There were numerous negatives that the Industrial Revolution brought with it; nonetheless the positives out-weigh it in today’s society. Because of theRead MorePositive Aspects Compared to the Negative Aspects of the Industrial Revolution1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe era known as the Industrial Revolution was a period in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile and metal manufacture, transportation, economic policies and the social structure in England. It is almost impossible to imagine what the world would be like if the effects of the Industrial Revolution were swept away. Electric lights would go out. Automobiles and airplanes would vanish. Teleph ones, radios, and television would disappear. Most of the stocks on the shelves of department

3/22/17. President Trump’S Immigration And Refugee Policy.

3/22/17 President Trump’s Immigration and Refugee Policy President Trump recently signed an executive order that restricts entry from seven Muslim majority countries into the United States. Trump’s immigration policy bans the entry of refugees into the United States for 120 days and heightens additional screening to make sure that they do not pose a threat to the security of the U.S. The order also indefinitely restricts the entrance of Syrian refugees and restricts travelers that come from seven predominantly Muslim countries including Iraq, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia and Yemen entry into the United States for 90 days (Shear, Michael). This order would affect over 20,000 refugees, thousands of students nationwide, and hundreds†¦show more content†¦government and could compromise national security. This policy has implications towards foreign policy as well. For example, this could infringe upon U.S. commitments under international treaties and could cause reciprocal bans against U.S. citizens or commerce, further d estroying the relationships and alliances that the U.S. has that are required to work against terrorist and criminal organizations thus reducing national security (Brown, Theresa). President Trump’s recent executive order on immigrants and refugees has been met with much controversy across the conflicting sides. Supporters of the plan defend the order’s legality based on the federal statute U.S. Code  § 1182 (Inadmissible aliens) that allows the president to restrict the entry of â€Å"any class of aliens† into the United States (Code 1182). Others claim that this plan is beneficial because immigration can lead to economic problems and is costly. Many immigrants come to the U.S. for several years and then go back to their home country. They argue that immigrants that don’t expect to stay can have less reason to integrate culturally and economically. Furthermore, the government typically subsidizes the acquisition of useful skills and education. When people acquire these resources and then leave without utilizing them, the resources could have been better spent

Alcohol, Smoking and Drugs - 1160 Words

Alcohol, Smoking and Drugs Before anyone ever takes a hit, or a drink, or a smoke, there is a decision made in the mind - a healthy decision or an unhealthy one. Sometimes as ourselves making a healthy choice is hard because we are tired, stressed, angry, pressured, or influenced by another person - e.g why we end up eating chocolate instead of fruit as eating things like chocolate stimulates our minds. As nicotine is legal to take at the age of 16 by law it has become a well known behaviour for 16 year olds and sometimes younger individuals to do. Its also socially acceptable within a crowd at school and is almost promoted by older peers and even role models in the media. Suggested reasons for the use of alcohol and tobacco fall into†¦show more content†¦I am asked a lot if I want a cigarette and I always say ‘no’ and occasionally I get grief for it but if don’t want something I won’t have it. Its almost a habit with them and they find it hard to come to terms with the problems they may face in the future. Drinking influences smoking more than smoking influences drinking. Smokers are 1.32 times more likely to consume alcohol as are non smokers. Drug use interferes with young peoples ability to learn and improve those skills. Whether its alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, or other illegal drugs, the bottom line holds true: teens who use drugs put their future in danger. Here are a few facts on drugs Almost 1/3 of teens report that they have used illegal drugs at some point in their lives. Using alcohol and tobacco at a young age - especially before secondary school-increases the risk for using other drugs later, such as marijuana and cocaine.. Over one quarter of secondary school students report that they have been offered, given, or sold an illegal drug on school grounds. Poor judgment while using drugs puts us teens at risk for car crashes, falls, drownings, violence, unplanned and unsafe sex, and suicide. Drug use can cause serious immediate and/or long-term damage to the brain, liver, kidney, heart, and lungs - just to name a few. Drugs (illegal or psychoactive) offer ways to alter our everyday consciousness. Near where I live in somersetShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol And Nicotine On Drugs1589 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Smoking and alcohol are often used together. The use of these drugs gives a sense of relief of stress and euphoria due to their effects on neurotransmitters. Though the initial use of these drugs ranges from self-medication to peer pressure, excessive use of these drugs can lead to dependence of both drugs. Drug dependence may be connected to the effects of the drugs’ tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and sensitization of the drug (Little 2000). The American Lung Association reports thatRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Foundation for a Drug Free World, marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States; however after years of studies this drug is still illegal in almost all states while alcohol and tobacco continues to claim thousands of lives every year (n.d). Don’t get the wrong idea, this is not to persuade you into thinking that smoking weed or eating a marijuana brownie does not have its disadvantages. However the idea is to get you to understand and see that smoking marijuana is no differenceRead MorePeer Pressure Essay693 Words   |  3 Pageswhat it feels like to be pressured by a peer. Peer pressure today impacts on kids of my generation in a huge aspect. Teenagers feel social pressure in numerous ways such as clothing, music and entertainment choices, to unsafe areas such as drugs, alcohol and smoking. During adolescence, kids emphasize their independe nce and explore their identity. Yet they still crave the approval of their peers and worry about being rejected and excluded. Peer pressure affects the way teenagers choose to live theirRead MoreAddiction Is A Condition Of Substance Use Disorder1523 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In recent years, there has been increasing concerns about the frequent and excessive misuse of alcohol by adolescents (Jones Gregory, 2009), and younger adolescents are starting to consume greater amounts of alcohol (Smith Foxcroft, 2009). This brings up the issue of addiction. Addiction is a condition whereby an individual is both mentally and physically dependent on a substance or activity to the extent of compulsivity and it negatively impacts various aspects of his life. As definedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1535 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States, according to Jordan Bechtold. It is a cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Medical marijuana is legal in only 23 states. Many citizens argue that it should be legal for recreational use in all states, though many citizens also disagree. It is mostly compared to alcohol and cigarettes/tobacco. Just like all other drugs, smoking marijuana affects your body in a unique way. Your respiratoryRead MoreA Brief Note On Drug Use On Infants1572 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Use on Newborns Many women abuse drugs whether they are pregnant or not. In both cases, many women are unaware of the consequences of what drugs can do to their body. However, for pregnant women, the situation is completely different. â€Å"Studies show that using drugs -- legal or illegal -- during pregnancy has a direct impact on the fetus† (Gaither 1). In simpler terms, drug use not only affects their own lives but also affects the lives of their unborn children. For the sake of enjoymentRead MoreMillennium Cohort Study704 Words   |  3 Pagescomponent. Compared to Service members, majority of the veterans group at baseline were older and in active duty component. Additionally, smoking prevalence at baseline was also higher in veterans (19.5%) than in service members (15.2%). Both Service members and veterans showed a decline, 5.9% and 6.9%, respectively, in smoking prevalence over time while prevalence of smoking stayed significantly higher in veterans (baseline: 19.5%, time 1: 16.7%, time 2: 15.2%, time 3: 12.6%) than in service members (15Read MoreEssay on Teratogen Affects on Pregnancy953 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- smoking p 50 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- behavioral problem w/smoking p 51 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- Child Behavioral Problems w/drinking p.52 Part II Chapter 2 Teratogens: Drugs- FAS p 51 Part II There are many potential adverse effects of drugs on prenatal development. Drugs are not only dangerousRead MoreEffects Of The Criminalization Of Alcohol On America During The 1920s1555 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay aims to show that if alcohol is legal, cannabis should be also. To do so I will compare the effects both substances have on the health of their users. I will then examine how much scientific evidence has been used when criminalizing marijuana and whether that evidence is still applicable today. Finally, I will analyze the effects of the criminalization of alcohol in America during the 1920s. I will use this case to show that the misguided prohibition of alcohol is comparable to the currentRead MoreScreening For Alcohol And Drug Use For Prenatal Care901 Words   |  4 Pagesabout 250 Women in 30 states have been criminally prosecuted in relation to drug abuse while pregnant.† (Coles, par 16) Since there isn’t a law in place for a woman being convicted for drinking or smoking while pregnant, they dig a little deeper and get more technical. Charges for unlawful child neglect, delivering drugs to a minor, homicide by child abuse and even manslaughter have been given to mothers who abuse drugs or alcohol while pregnant. Some even believe in terminating the woman’s parental rights

Media Violences The Media and our Violent Essay Example For Students

Media Violences The Media and our Violent Essay Society Media Argumentative Persuasive Essays The Media and our Violent Society As you read a newspaper or watch the news on T.V., you probably have come to the conclusion that violence is becoming a real serious problem in the world were we live. The nation has witnessed many acts of violence through the past few years. Some prime examples would be: O. J. Simpson, who was accused of murdering Ronald Goldman and Nicole Brown Simpson; Susan Smith, who was found guilty of killing her own children; Timothy McVeigh, guilty of the Oklahoma City bombing of a federal building; Jeffery Dahmer, who was killed in prison after he was sentenced for the murders of several men. Violence is a very broad topic, although it is categorized into many small groups. There is domestic violence, juvenile violence, hate violence, terrorist violence, and violence displaced through various forms of mass media. Domestic violence is a form of violence that usually occurs between individuals that reside in the same living arrangement. Domestic violence is one of the leading forms of violence. If you have ever seen one episode of the T.V. show Cops , you would have witnessed at least a couple of domestic disputes that the police were called to respond to. This domestic violence is usually a result of an argument about money, emotional problems, or drugs and alcohol abuse. Most of the domestic disputes that become violent are not reported because of the fear the victim has for the offender. A very publicized illustration of domestic violence is the double murder of Ron Goldman and Nicole Brown Simpson. The accused murder was Nicole Brown Simpsons husband, Orenthal James Simpson. I am from Towanda, which is a small rural town in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. The population of Towanda is roughly 2,200 people. Being raise in a small rural town, I havent been a victim of any crime, but I have witnessed an increase in violence, especially domestic violence. A prime example of this would be an incident in April 1995 that occurred in Windham Township. This violent act was a double homicide. The victims of the crime were Regina Ann Clark and her 9-year-old son, Ausin Wade Hopper. The suspects in the incident are John Joseph Koehler and William E. Curley. Our local newspaper reported that, Koehler was the teacher in a contract-killing lesson in Bradford County (Corie). The other disturbing fact was that Regina Clark, one of the victims, was the girlfriend of John Koehler. The trial for John Koehler is now in progress at the Bradford County Courthouse. John J. Koehler, 35, Blackwood, N.J. is charged with criminal homicide, criminal conspiracy, aggravated assault, kidnapping, burglary, endangering the welfare of a child and possessing instruments of a crime (Corie). William E. Curley, 19, Rome, also charged in these killings, waived his right to a jury trial earlier this month. At his trial before President Judge Jeffery Smith, Curley was found guilty of first and second degree murder and burglary (Corie). The body of Ms. Clark was found stuffed inside a refrigerator at a make-shift dump site along a rural road in Stevens Township. Two days later the small boys body was located in a sluice pipe under a road in Windham Township (Corie). Besides this disturbing act of violence, recently there has been an attempted kidnapping that occurred April 14 in Dushore, which is a small town 45 minutes away from Towanda. The victim was a 9-year-old girl, who was not harmed and returned home safely (Turissini). According to the police, the suspects are a white male, 25 to 35 years of age, bald or a skin head, with no facial hair or glasses, and a white female with brown hair, worn in a ponytail (Turissini). .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 , .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .postImageUrl , .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 , .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646:hover , .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646:visited , .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646:active { border:0!important; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646:active , .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646 .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ec1ef53166784f4b53f61770726d646:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Huck finn Essay ThesisThe statics I received on domestic violence are almost unbearable. In a national survey of over 6,000 American families, 50% of the men frequently assaulted their wives also frequently abused their children (Straus). Men who have witnessed their parents domestic violence are three times more likely to abuse their own wives than children of non violent parents, with the sons of .

Pride Essays - Romance Novels, Mr. Darcy, Pride And Prejudice

Pride And Prejudice "Blindness" The dictionary definition of pride is a sense of one's proper dignity or value. The dictionary definition of prejudice is an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand without knowledge of the facts. When you add these two themes together, you get the book "Pride and Prejudice." The very basis of this book is on pride and prejudice. According to these definitions, pride and prejudice is blindness towards reality. Throughout the book, the various characters judge each other by using pride and prejudice. An example of this is made by Mr. Bennett and sets the tone for the rest of the novel. Mr. Bennett is talking to his wife about the arrival of the rich Mr. Bingley. Mrs. Bennett says that she would like one of their five girls to marry him so that they would be situated well for the rest of their life. Mr. Bennett shows his prejudice by saying, "Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! However, it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes"(Pg. 5). According to the book, all of the daughters are blessed with beauty. Mr. Bennett must be implying that although his daughters are beautiful, they may not be rich enough or have high enough standards to be considered by Mr. Bingley. He is blind to the feeling of love due to his relationship with his own wife. The majority of the story is based on the feelings between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. Both characters are very self centered, causing them to put up blinders. Elizabeth Bennet is a middle class woman who always likes to be treated the same by everybody, no matter who they are. She believes herself to be plenty good enough for any man. Mr. Darcy especially is blind to any status other than wealth. Mr. Darcy is an extremely rich fellow. These two represent the most pride and prejudice in the book. Mr. Darcy is the perfect example of pride and Elizabeth is a good example of prejudice. Their story starts near the beginning where they meet at a local ball. Mr. Darcy pays little attention to her because his pride will not let him deal with a lower class member. He says this of her, "She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me"(Pg.12). He also says this when asked to find someone to dance with, "I certainly shall not. You know how I detest it, unless I am particularly acquainted with my partner. At such an assembly as this, it would be insupportable. Your sisters are engaged, and there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a punishment to me to stand up with''(Pg.12). Elizabeth overhead some of these remarks and she starts her hatred for Darcy. In addition, these remarks lead Elizabeth to think that Darcy said these remarks just because he has standards were too high for her. The tensions are high between these two until the next time they see each other. At this point, both are blind to any assets, but Darcy begins to show some interest in her beauty. The story progresses, Darcy loses his blinders and gains interest in her "wit and beauty" while Elizabeth hates him increasingly. During this time, Mr. Darcy uses his power to break up Jane Bingley and Mr. Bingley for the reason that he believes that they are not truly in love with each other. Elizabeth thinks that he is doing this because of his prejudice for the lower class. Darcy proposed to Elizabeth and she smoothly said no without seeing him as a man, but as a beast. She stated, "I have every reason in the world to think ill of you. No motive can excuse the unjust and ungenerous part you acted there. You dare not, you cannot deny that you have been the principal, if not the only means of dividing them from each other, of exposing one to the censure of the world for caprice and instability, the other to its derision for disappointed hopes, and involving them both in misery of the acutest kind''(Pg. 162). Later, Darcy writes a letter to Elizabeth, explaining why he broke up Jane and Mr. Bingley. Elizabeth reads this letter and begins to understand the pride that Mr. Darcy has for himself. After reading the letter, her blindness towards him becomes shaken. After a series a small story lines in the book, Elizabeth finds out

Hopes and dreams Essays

Hopes and dreams Essays Hopes and dreams Paper Hopes and dreams Paper Hopes and dreams help people to escape the harsh realities of their ordinary lives. To what extent is this statement true in Of mice and men? Of Mice and Men is a novel written in the year 1937 when the whole of America was suffering from the great depression and the poor economy. In such conditions, it is natural that the economic conditions of the country were not very good which would have directly affected the American population such as the lower-middle class. This is what Steinbeck tries to portray in Of Mice and Men that although the life was difficult for the poor people in America they had hopes and dreams and to fulfil that they used to work hard. Some such examples are of George, Lennie, Slim and Crooks. From the first chapter itself, Steinbeck describes George and Lennies dream. George dreams of owning his own farm so that he could be a boss of his own but because of financial reasons he is unable to and his dream remains a dream not coming true. In the beginning of the novel we also see that Lennie is a burden on George and because of that he is not able to marry a girl, I could get a job an work, an no trouble. No mess at all, and when the end of the month come I could take my fifty bucks and go into town and get whatever I want. We also realise, that whenever George tries getting settled in a ranch, Lennie would do something horrific which would then lead them from escaping the farm, You cant keep a job and you lose me ever job I get. Jus keep me shovin all over the country all the time. An that aint the worst. You get in trouble. Every time this happens Georges dream of owning a farm fades away. Lennies dream on the other hand, is a lot more immature compared to Georges because all he wants is to tend rabbits, I can let you tend rabbits the rabbits all right. In some parts of the novel, his dream comes true such as in the first chapter when he kills a mouse, Uh-uh. Jus a dead mouse, George. I didnt kill it. Honest! I found it. I found it dead. Lennie is the most innocent character in the novel because when George says that they will have a farm of their own, he believes that it would come true and takes it from his heart. That is why, he always gets excited whenever George talks about their future being bright, I forget some a the things. Tell about how its gonna be. Curleys wife has a completely different dream than that of George and Lennie. Steinbeck uses her character to show that women in those days were not given a lot of freedom from their husbands and were only meant to take care of their homes and families. Although, she goes around the ranch and flirts with all the workers despite Curley warning her, bye, boys, this is when she comes to the bunkhouse searching for Curley. In chapter five, when Lennie is sitting on his own in the bunkhouse, Curleys wife goes to him and tells him about her wanting to become an actress, Coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes- all them nice clothes they wear. An I coulda sat in them big hotels, an had pictures took of me. In this quote she is telling Lennie about her past. Curleys wife gets Lennie to admit that he likes stroking soft things and makes him stroke her hair. He strokes too hard and she cries out, frightening Lennie and making him cling on to her. When she will not stop screaming Lennie shakes her head and by accident breaks her neck. This therefore ends up the dreams of another character in the novel. Candy is another character who has hopes and dreams. Candy had lost his lost his right hand in a farm accident and is now reduced to the meanest job on the ranch, that of swamper or menial cleaner. He also loses his beloved dog since Carlson kills him which makes him even lonelier. He then thinks of helping George and Lennie with their dream of having a farm of their own and agrees to join them as well and tells them about him having two hundred and fifty dollars, An they give me two hundred an fifty dollars cause I los my hand. An I got fifty more saved up right in the bank. Right now. Crooks is a negro and because of that he is given a different room in the ranch. He feels lonely since he has nobody to talk to and is a victim of racism from Curleys wife nigger, I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint funny. He therefore has two dreams; the first is to fit with all the other ranch workers who all call him a nice falla and the second is to get away from the extreme racism he gets on the ranch and to start a new life. Unfortunately, none of his dreams are fulfilled, just like the other characters. Altogether, hopes and dreams definitely help people to escape from the harsh realities of their ordinary lives. Every character in this novel has some problem or the other such as, the colour of their skin, being less bright and being lonely. After reading this novel, we certainly get a feeling of the difficult lives that were lived by the poor people of that time. Also, hopes and dreams make people stronger with their lives since they have a motive to live for.

Intermediate Sanctions - Home Confinement Assignment

Intermediate Sanctions - Home Confinement - Assignment Example Electronic monitoring is mainly used as a supervisory tool. This helps the officers monitor the activities of the offender more effectively. The offenders are usually required to adhere to a strict schedule of activities. Under the home confinement, there are two main types of programs. First, there are the pretrial programs which use home confinement as an alternative form of detention before the individuals are taken to court. Secondly, there are post-adjudication programs which use home confinement as an alternative to incarceration. This program was initially intended to serve as an alternative to sentencing for drunken driving offenders but has expanded to include other offenders as well. Generally, home confinement mainly excludes offenders of serious and violent crimes. The level of supervision or restriction is given depends on the type of the offender. These restrictions may be simple curfews or may be as severe as lock-downs. There are three main levels of restrictions: curfews, home detention, and home incarceration. When it comes to curfews, the participants of this program are required to be at home every day at specific times. Home detention requires that the participant remains in his home throughout except for specific approved times. Finally, home incarceration is when the offender is put under complete lock-down, except for specific activities approved by the court. Home confinement may be used by the courts as a sanction for people who go against the regulations of their supervision. The purpose o f home confinement depends on the stage of the criminal justice process in which it is applied. Regardless of the stage, however, it is mainly used as a means of protecting the public.

HS415 UNIT 3 PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HS415 UNIT 3 PROJECT - Essay Example Obesity is a worldwide problem capturing health concern for both developing and developed countries. Obesity is a severe state of overweight, and it is a "global epidemic" according to World health organization figures. More than one billion adults are overweight worldwide, and about 300 million of are clinically obese. Overweight affects more people than hunger and malnutrition. Many researchers have been done to explain the causes of overweight and obesity in human. Although the literature entails a broad variety of such articles, this paper will focus and concentrate to explaining and characterizing the observed patterns of medical care utilization by obese people, the supply and demand economic theory in diagnosis and treatment of obesity and the impact on State funds for Medicaid and Medicare. Obesity is clinically linked to other serious diseases including diabetes type 2, hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, arthritis, liver and gallbladder disease, respiratory disor ders, such as asthma, and certain kinds of cancers (Finkelstein, & Fiebelkorn, 2003). The standard model for health demand and medical care demand is the Grossmans model. In this model, wage-earning persons maximize inter-temporal function of health and commodities. The demand for medical care is obtained from the demand for health. Moreover, the medical care demand depends on age, wage, education, costs of medical goods, and unhealthy habits such as obesity and smoking (Finkelstein, Fiebelkorn, & Wang, 2004). An outstanding implication emanating from Grossman’s model is the fact that unhealthy behaviors, for instance obese or overweight increases medical care demands. It is evident that obesity has a link to diseases such as arthritis, asthma, diabetes type 2 and certain types of cancer. These illnesses require both frequent medical care and frequent hospitalization. However, not all overweight and obese people have health complications. The health

Imperialism and socialism in the context of Africa Essay Example for Free

Imperialism and socialism in the context of Africa Essay Cecil Rhodes Social Darwinism advocate states, â€Å"I contend that we are the finest race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better†¦Ã¢â‚¬  King Leopold of Belgium, To open to civilization the only part of the globe where it has yet to penetrate †¦is, I dare to say, a crusade worthy of this century of progress. From the above assertions, it is prudent to note that, colonial powers thought Africa to be devoid of an organization in social, political and economic perspective and therefore they wanted to make Africa, England. In that thought of naivety of the Africans, there were societal structures and organizations which British did not care to observe. However, it was not going to be easy as where two or three cultures interact a clash is inevitable. Although Africa was not a plain or bear continent, Africans had their way of life, structure of government, religion, economic activities, education, systems of marriage and development plans for their societies, nevertheless the British brought their systems which conflicted with Africans established way of life, this was because the British, as many other European powers were economically depressed and Africa appeared to be the only way out. The British wanted to pass the three C’s; Commerce, that is to make money through the acquisition of free labor form Africans, raw materials for their industries as industrial revolution back in Britain was rapidly taking place, a market for their surplus production; Christianity to save Africans.Explorers such as David Livingstone, Vasco Da Gama, Portuguese Diego Cam and Arabs with Muslim faith had missionary zeal. The last C is for Civilization, they wanted to civilize Africans in terms of education, culture and many other aspects. Thu s, to a larger extent, the activities of British heartened conflicts. African traditional religion is rooted in the African culture, it was difficult for Christianity to penetrate through. Portuguese tried in the fifteen century and failed. For Christianity to take the course the Africans had to abandon their culture which was hard so to say. The Missionaries in the nineteenth century, however, came up with an elaborate plan for them to spread Christianity. They introduced through religion, education and health centers which contradicted informal learning and the institution of medicine men. Africans gradually began to embrace Whiteman’s way of life but not without several clashes. These battles are seen in various forms such as spiritual, doctrinal, cultural and practical. The African religion has been given several definitions by different scholars, for instance, Mbiti has elaborated aspects of African religion. In his book African Traditional Religion, Mbiti (1991) African religion is very pragmatic and realistic (p2), he explains that it is applied in circumstances where the need arises. In addition, he states that religion is rooted in the local language, so to comprehend the religious life of an African society one has to understand the local dialect. He further affirms, â€Å"To be an African in the traditional setup is to be truly religious.† (p30) He states that the religion can be seen in five aspects of culture; beliefs, practices, ceremonies and festivals, religious objects and places, values, and morals and religious officials and leaders. He defines African religion as: â€Å"The product of the thinking and experiences of our forefathers and mothers that is men and women of their generations. They formed religious ideas, they observed religious ceremonies and rituals, they told proverbs and myths which safeguarded the life of individual and his community.(pp 13-14) Mbiti notes that African religion has no scriptures as compared to Christianity and other religions, it is written in peoples history, hearts and experiences of the people.(p14) Awolalu in his book Sin and its Removal in the African Traditional Religion defines African religion as â€Å"†¦largely written in the peoples myth and folktales, in their songs and dances, in their liturgies and shrines and in their proverbs and pithy sayings. It is a religion whose historical founder is neither known nor worshipped; it is a religion that has no zeal for the membership drive, yet it offers persistent fascination for Africans, young and old. The African traditional religion was not homogeneous as the communities had different ethnic background thus the religious practices such rituals varied one community to the other. It is worth noting that it was oral, not scripted or written and was passed from one generation to the other by word of mouth, as I earlier alluded in the definitions of religion. Within their organized societal structures, Africans believed in supernatural beings together with ancestral spirits. The ancestral spirits were believed to link the li ving societal members to the gods. Therefore, the African traditional religion was and still is interweaved to the African culture. From the above insights, one cannot talk about African religion without African values as they are intertwined and inseparable. African religion was embedded in moral values or codes or standards which were believed to originate from God through the ancestral spirits, these values when observed one would be rewarded with maybe good harvest from their cultivation of land or increased number of the flock of cattle. When these values have violated the culprits were reprimanded. The concept of values is a vital point as one talks of the African religion. For that reason, African religion is drawn from the African values and Culture. African Culture was the source of law through the moral codes and values passed from generation to generation. From the above description, we can see that law or rules of conduct were embedded in religion and that African religion was interweaved in the African culture. Local dialect was the medium through which African culture and religion were propagated. The African religion had some institutions as Mbiti points out in the aspects of African religion, who presided over religious functions, these institutions were believed to communicate directly to ancestral spirits (living dead) who in turn would communicate to the gods and grievances of the living societal members would be heard. In the Kenyan context, these institutions include Orkoyot of the Nandi, Oloibon of the Maasai, Seers, Diviners, and Rainmakers depending on the ethnic communities which they came from. These institutions apart from the veneration of the ancestors, they blessed warrior before going for war, advised the political leaders, offered sacrifice to god and conducted rituals for the culprits who violated moral values in the community. The gods had some specific names for instance, in Kenyan context, we had Enkai for the Maasai, Encore for the Abagusii, Mulungu for Akamba, Asis the Nandi, Ngai for the Agikuyu and Nyasaye for the Luo. There were specific worship plac es which were regarded as holy, this places included shrines, mountaintops some special trees such as mugumo, hills, and some caves. The diversity of the names given to gods and places of worship, show the lack of uniformity in the African Religion. Consequently, Africans were of different ethnic background and had their own religion, gods, and religion as a community. The clashes can be seen in the five aspects as earlier alluded in Mbiti’s work that is beliefs, practices, ceremonies, festivals, religious objects and places, values, and morals, religious officials and leaders. These aspects of African religion differ from those of Christianity. The Africans believed that their religion was sourced from god, who they believed long before their ancestors’ existence. The British Missionaries conflict with Africans by telling them about the existence of a God who had a son and lived among them many years ago. The religion of British was written (Bible) thus one had to have the ability to read and write in order to understand it, whereas that of African was passed from generation to generation by oral tradition. There is an introduction of a new system of identifying the origin of religion which conflicts with the African system. Language is also conflicted as Africans could not comprehend English, hence missionaries such as Ludwig Krapf translated the Bible into the local dialect. The Africans revered in special caves, Mountaintops, hills, Forests, Special trees (mugumo) and shrines. The British tell Africans that they should worship God places called Churches. This encounter shows that there is a bit of clashing as the African places were very clearly defined and preserved by the community members. The British also seized African land to construct churches or chapels, Africans, as a result, became very hostile as they had distinct worship places which occurred naturally. They believed that their land was in cultivation and a gift from their gods. The Africans practiced their religion by reverence to their ancestors, offering human and animal sacrifices and invoking the ancestral spirits, for instance, the Umira Kager clan believed in spirits in the S.M Otieno case. They offered sacrifices in order to get favors in terms of harvest. The African worship was communal that is, all community members used to convene to pray for rain and ask for the wellness of the community. The British religion had an aspect of confession of one`s sins before worship, repentance, and forgiveness of sin are granted. This aspect of forgiveness of sins lacks in the traditional African religion, one had to be punished for wrongdoing. British missionary religion brings out an aspect of offerings in terms of money and tithe which is ten percent of one`s total earnings. The British advocated for human rights and therefore disregarded and condemned human sacrifices. In African religion, worship was led by Diviners, Rainmakers, and Seers who were considered righteous. The work of religious leaders was taught through apprecentiship and was hereditary from specific clans in the community. There were certain clans from whom diviners would descend. They were highly respected in the community. The British Christian religious leaders attend school to be trained mainly in theology. They study formalities of worship and nature of God. Any member of Christian family can become a religious leader although there are some myths which say one has to be ‘called by God. A Christian leader has to have the ability to read and write so as to pass the scriptures to his congregation. African traditional religion was diverse from one ethnic community to the other due to the linguistic differences, migration patterns and origin. Christianity is introduced as a homogeneous religion as the author of it is Jesus Christ, a common ancestry and reference point for all Christians. The diversity of worship is dismantled by the British introduction of this even religion. Africans were notoriously religious as it was found in each group. Africans who lived as per the traditional way of life were regarded as very religious.it is also worth acknowledging that Africans are at crossroads due to the fact that religion is embedded in the African culture and language. It is thus difficult for Africans to fully be committed to Christianity as being fully whole-hearted means they will have to abandon some of the partaking of African culture and indigenous dialect by embracing the Whiteman’s language and culture. This has already happened as some dedicated African Christians according to Quarcoopome (1987), refer to traditional religion as paganism, fetish, and animism. References. Awolalo, JO, Sin and Its Removal from the African Traditional Religion (1976) History and Government Form One to Four, KLB Fourth Edition. The People of Kenya Up to the 19th Century Kwasi W, Towards Decolonizing African Religion and Philosophy, African Studies (1998) Quarterly volume 1 Issue 4. Ojwang’ JB and Mugambi JNK (eds), The SM Otieno case, Death and Burial in Modern Kenya, (1989) Nairobi University press Mbiti, JS, African Religion and Philosophy, Oxford, England, (1999) Heinemann Educational Publishers. Mbiti, JS, Introduction to African Religion Oxford, England, (1991) Heinemann Educational Publishers. Uchenna O, African Crossroads: Conflict between African Traditional Religion and Christianity, (2008) The International Journal of Humanities vol 6 No. 2 Quarcoopome, TNO, West African traditional religion. Ibadan, Nigeria: (1987) African Universities Press. NAME: MUNYALO, DANIEL MUTHENGI REG.NO: G34/102614/2017 COURSE: GPR 100 LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING CONVENER: DR. NKATHA KABIRA â€Å"The encounter between the British and Africans was a case of two worlds colliding.† Discuss†¦

Fran Dorn :: Free Essays

Fran Dorn is the host of Literary Visions, a telecourse video. Dorn is an intelligent person with a love for literature and reading. After watching just one of these telecourse videos, I’ve come to learn a lot about Miss Dorn. With that said, I would like to share with you some of the bits and pieces I have come to learn. What kind of person is this Fran Dorn? Do these videos tell you anything about her personal life? Most interestingly, what are her thoughts on literature?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I sat, notebook and pen in hand, watching these videos, I kept asking myself, â€Å"Who is this person? Is she nice? Mean? Compassionate?† The one thing you could tell about Miss Dorn right away was that she was a very intelligent woman. Dorn read many books, she has a Master’s degree – and that wasn’t the only way you can tell she is an intellectual. The way she talked with such knowledge about literature, and confidence. Miss Dorn graced the television set with such poise. She’s the type of person most people aspire to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many things you can learn about Fran Dorn’s personal life. Dorn states that she has her Master’s degree in theater. She also said that she went to a Graduate School in New York for three years. Miss Dorn always loves to read books. She also collected them. Some of the books in her collection include â€Å"Busy Timmy†, and the â€Å"The Velveteen Rabbit†. On the day Dorn graduated from Graduate School, she bought herself a book to celebrate. The book was â€Å"The Velveteen Rabbit†. The store’s clerk asked her if she wanted it wrapped as a gift for someone. She explained it was only for her, and the clerk wrapped it up. Then the clerk stated â€Å"It was indeed a gift, a gift I was giving myself†.

Gifted Learners in Diverse Classroom Essay

As our nation becomes more culturally diverse we our schools need to begin modeling and preparing for this diversity. The importance of learning about diversity in culture and stereotypes is of particular concern with gifted learners. This article discusses the Ford and Harris model (2000) which combines higher order thinking skills with culturally relevant content to engage students in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation as they examine different perspectives and become involved in social action. There are several different methods to this model that can be used a social studies classroom to engage gifted learners. The first is the transformational approach where the curriculum is set up to show contributions and perspectives of many groups. This allows students to see various perspectives across the spectrum of cultures. Next, the social action approach has students identify issues that they think might need to be changed and make action plans. They are empowered in both of these approaches. Blooms Taxonomy is used at the highest level in both of these models and students are able to learn from themselves, inwardly, and from each other in order to hopefully develop positive relationships. Along with using these two approaches discussions, infusions of literature and poetry, role-playing, examining primary documents, ethnographic research, photojournalism, and service learning are easily applied to middle and high school classrooms. The importance of keeping gifted students engaged has been well documented. High qualities discussions have in the classroom are a great way for student to share, debate, develop original thinking and analyze various perspectives of other gifted students. In a multicultural classroom discussions could become significant learning experiences for young people by allowing participants to challenge the points of view held by others while reexamining their own beliefs Parker (2001). Multicultural literature infused into the classroom and curriculum can give many cultural perspectives for students to reflect upon. Teachers reported gains in self-esteem and academic achievement in diverse students when given literature in which they felt reflected their own culture. Another good technique that teachers can use in a multicultural classroom is role-play. When students place themselves into the role of another it is found that they internalize the culture while also learning about the content. This use of critical thinking skills, along with cooperative learning is a big part of a multicultural classroom. Role-play is one strategy that enriches instruction and supports the unusual sensitivity to the feelings of others evident in gifted learners (Clark, 2007; Piechowski, 2006). Teachers, who have used the process of ethnographic research, or the study and systematic recording of human cultures, have found that gifted students are enriched with the process. Ethnographic research includes interviews, artifacts and observations. Along with Ethnographic research the use of primary documents is an important part of a multicultural classroom. Examples include manuscripts, diaries, letters, photographs, postcards, posters, audio or video recordings, oral histories, speeches, or official documents (Bogdan & Biklen, 2006). Primary documents are increasingly becoming a part of the questioning process on the end of course exams so it is vital that gifted students are given access to them and understand their importance. Photographs, or photojournalism can be impactful for the visual gifted learners. Photojournalism supports numerous characteristics of gifted learners, including their emotional depth and intensity, as well as their strong capacity for processing information, generating original ideas, and comprehensively synthesizing ideas and solutions (Clark, 2007; Davis et al. 2011). Finally, service learning is an area were gifted learners are provided the opportunity be creative with their ideas. In service learning students can find a need in the community and find a method to assist. Because many gifted learners have high levels of empathy this suits them well. Terry (2008) noted that service learning can help gifted learners reach their creative potential as they seek solutions to society’s problems, while also assisting them in their journey toward self-actualization. There are many methods that creativity and diversity can be brought into a multicultural classroom. With gifted students choice and variety is important so that the student remains engaged. The gifted learners needs will drive much of the instruction. This is just a few of the ideas that would work in a social studies classroom in particular. As with all things creativity, curriculum and enrichment are the key to keeping students engaged with gifted learners.

Independent Literacy Essay - 1758 Words

Independent Literacy When I went to the movies for the first time with Bobby, the person who I now consider a close friend, I chose the wrong seat to sit down in. Bobby, who has been deaf in his left ear since birth, occupied the seat to the right of me that night. We enjoyed the film, â€Å"Meet the Parents† thoroughly, yet the movie is certainly not what sticks out in my mind about that evening. Each time we shared a laugh, or one of us wanted to say something to the other about an event in the movie, Bobby had to swing his head around like some kind of bird so that he could hear my whispers. It was actually rather funny to see him twist his neck that way. I remember him saying to me as soon as the lights went down and the†¦show more content†¦For Bobby, this wasn’t an option due to the fact that he could hardly hear. When Bobby was about to turn three years old his parents had become increasingly concerned about his progress with speech. He was making sounds, but wasn’t f orming words correctly, and he slurred a mass of noises together when he got excited or needed something. His family realized that he would only respond to their words if they put their faces right in front of Bobby’s when they spoke to him. After his parents’ concerns grew and they spoke to doctors, they determined that Bobby had been reading lips since age one, and had been trying to make words, but was unsuccessful due to the fact that he had no sense of hearing in his left ear, and his right ear was impaired as well. After multiple surgeries, the hearing in his right ear was significantly strengthened, and he was immediately put in to many special programs to help him catch up on his speech, and equally important, his ability to read. Due to the fact that he did not have a relationship with words for the first two years of his life, â€Å"independent literacy† became a task that would haunt him for the rest of his school days. I have used the phrases, â€Å"independently literate† and â€Å"independent literacy† to illustrate my main point. What I haveShow MoreRelatedEducation And Skills Development : A Flagship Programme For Rural Poverty Alleviation1262 Words   |  6 Pagesenhance employability and livelihood opportunities, mitigate poverty, increase productivity and for laying a lasting foundation for sustained economic growth. The economic and social development of a country to a great extent hinges on the literacy of its people. Literacy has become an indispensible tool for liberating the rural populace from the vicious grip of poverty, deprivation, misery and suffering. Many of agricultural products come from rural areas. However, the quality and shelf life of the productsRead MoreKnowledge, Understanding and Skills in Literacy, Numeracy and Ict and Their Impact on My Practice1117 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding and skills in Literacy, Numeracy and ICT impacts on my p ractice. 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