The Immortalists Book Review for College

The Immortalists Review and Truth About the Book Immortalist by Chloe Benjamin is a novel of sweeping ambition and fiendish poignancy. Aptly titled, the book grapples with the matters of life and death as well as an expiry date ending the latter and initiating the former. Benjamin is keenly aware of the inherent sorrow underlying one’s failure to cheat mortality, and she is not ashamed to explore it in a gimmicky premise of her novel. In a sweltering summer of 1969, the Gold children – four siblings – gain a preview of their death. A Romany woman uses clairvoyant powers to predict the exact dates the siblings will die. And thus, the bittersweet novel starts unfolding. It relentlessly draws the readers inside the sticky, humid New York of yore and the cold future that is about to happen. In this reviews and discussion of the Immortalists book, I will argue that the absorbing novel milks the puzzling notions of uncertainty and fate to prepare its readers for a vicarious death experience, which makes the read terr ifyingly liberating. Buy Book Reports Online The Immortalists Analysis and Questions Everyone has dreamt of immortality. This much is certain. Everyone has realized the futility of the heady dream. This is also clear. But how does a person react when they see their death coming a mile off? Benjamin’s tackling of the doomy subject and the ensuing fame attest to the fact that the readers are interested in this kind of questions and answers. This notwithstanding, the rousing read is short on answers. It is up to the audience to make heads or tails of the themes and ideas laid out in the book. As such, the novel can be regarded as a whimsical quiz for book club discussion testing the readers’ ability to answer difficult questions, some of which might not even have been posed. What is it about? I believe that The Immortalists is about personal transformation inevitably following the dissolution of uncertainty. Benjamin nodes to the notion of destiny when she presents the group of children with spoilers – exact dates of their death. By revealing the gr uesome ending, the author removes the veil of uncertainty, thereby forcing her protagonists to shiver, panic, and, above all, change. When ending explained, there is nothing left but to change. What is the point of Immortalists book characters’ life if they have no recourse but to inch slowly to the center of the target drawn by destiny itself? Understanding this, the Gold siblings try to escape the fortuneteller’s ominous prophecies by altering the course and meaning of their life. As one could have guessed, it is not easy to pry open the relentless jaws of fate. The death-defying ambition driving the protagonists becomes their downfall, which often brings the Immortalists comparison to Frankenstein. Is the Immortalists a teen book? Hardly. Yet any teenager would be better off reading it. The Immortalists study guide on vicissitudes and certainties of life, which is recommended to anyone who is about to make important choices. Get Essay on The Immortalists Book Characters in the Immortalists What happens in the Immortalists hits unsuspecting readers in the left prefrontal cortex making them feel happy, and then delivers multiple stinging punches right to the amygdala dumping them in the abyss of sadness. The author throws a vibrant description of the city here and a lurid sex scene there to warm her way under the readers’ skin. Being caught in the florid details of the characters’ life, one stops worrying how do each die and starts living with them. But each death date has been predestined. When the first character – Simon – is getting crossed off a list, readers start feeling the cold undercurrent of the novel. Benjamin leaves them wondering: â€Å"Does Simon get AIDS in the Immortalists?† Then, the emotional piquancy of the novel spikes again when its plot veers toward the story of Klara magic obsessed character. How does Klara die in the Immortalists? Being a magician, the character thought that â€Å"there must be a loophole, a sec ret trapdoor.† Klara’s solution was to kill herself. She died. The readers participated in a magic trick: the abyss of sadness had a false bottom; they kept reading and kept falling. Daniel death was another trapdoor. There are many decent quotes from the Immortalists, but one that can be used in the stead of chapter summaries is provided by Daniel. It seems that he is the only Gold who realizes that â€Å"most people enjoy a certain level of impotence. But [†¦] we do have control – so much that it scares us to death.† The writer does not want to challenge his assumption. She immerses the readers into the rich story of Varya, as well as her relationships with Frida and Luke, only to let the reins go and end the book. She no longer controls the story – the readers do. It is up to them to decide how Varya die even if it scares them to death. Why is The Immortalists so Good? Is Critique Unwarranted? The novel has garnered largely positive feedback. Some literature connoisseurs have carped that Benjamin’s book is overrated and ridiculed it for being excessively metaphorical and mawkish. However, the novel’s success indicates that nobody has taken these unwarranted cavils to heart. It can be argued that the American readership was unswayed by the criticism because everyone enjoyed Benjamin’s candor and lightness of hand. And these two are the key ingredients in the ‘suspension of disbelief’ spell. The Immortalists gives the spellbound audience a chance to experience a vicarious and plausible death, which makes the book so imminently great and terrifying. Pay to Have a Book Review Done

The Role Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ( Pcos ) - 2046 Words

EPIDEMIOLOGY Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects 4% to 12% of women of childbearing age.1 The proportion of individuals in a population with PCOS depends on the diagnostic criteria.2 According to the criteria implemented by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine, PCOS is as great as 15% to 20%.2 As stated in The National Institute of Health Office of Disease Prevention Report, PCOS impacts about 5 million females of reproductive age in United States.3 The identification and management of the disease is estimated to cost $4 billion annually to the US health care system.3 As such, PCOS presents a major economic burden. This heterogeneous†¦show more content†¦COS may suffer include anxiety, depression, body dissatisfaction and a lower quality of life.6,7 ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PCOS is an oligogenic disorder that has a heritable factor of approximately 70%.3 Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the phenotype of the disease.4 The pathophysiology of PCOS consists of defects in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, secretion of insulin and the function of the ovary.3 Although, the cause of PCOS is an on going topic of research, it has been linked to insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels that contribute to hormonal imbalance.4 It is estimated that 60%-80% of women with PCOS, show insulin resistance and this percentage increases to 95% of women who are obese.8 Insulin resistance is a cause as well as an exacerbating factor for the development of PCOS.3 Insulin resistance contributes to metabolic disturbances, obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as increased androgens, cardiovascular risks and anovulation.1 Insulin aids in regulation of ovarian function and overproduction of insulin causes the ovaries to produce high amounts of androgens.9 High levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulate the ovarian thecal cells to produce a greater amount of androgens such as 17-hydroprogesterone, testosterone and progesterone.9 Furthermore, thecal cells contain a higher level of cytochrome P450 11A, CYP17 and 3-HSD2 genes.9 Increased androgens stimulate visceral adipose tissue to produce free fatty

Business Ethics In Firm Rana Plaza - Free Solution

Questions: On April 24 2013, 1134 people were killed and 2,500 were injured when the Rana Plaza building in Savar, Bangladesh collapsed on top of garment workers inside its factories. It would be known as the worst accident in the garment industry anywhere. This happened only five months after a horrific fire at a similar facility prompted leading multinational brands to pledge to work to improve safety in the countrys booming but poorly regulated garment industry. Labour groups, Western clothing companies, the Bangladeshi government and others have made some progress toward preventing similar tragedies, but more stillneeds to be done. There was never any doubt that improving working conditions in Bangladesh, one of the worlds poorest countries, would be incredibly difficult. The collapse of RanaPlaza was just one, though by far the worst in a series of industrial accidents in Bangladeshs garment industry, which has become one of the biggest exporters ofclothes to the United States and Europe because of its low wages. It was later discovered that 28 brands that sourced clothes from the plaza included Primark, Bennetton, Mango, Matalan and Bonmache, prompting public concern about the working conditions of garment factories around the world which contribute to western high street fashion stores. Ethical consumerism encourages people to think about how the products they buy are sourced and produced which are not harmful to the environment and society.This can be evidenced through simply purchasing eggs that are free-range or boycotting goods/companies which promote child labour or unsavoury working conditions. Ethical consumerism is a growing market. A recent report from the Co-operative Bank showed a third of UK consumers claiming to be concerned about ethical consumption, with a large number of the public willing to challenge and boycott companies which do not comply with ethical standards. You are required to write an analytical business report that covers the following tasks: Task 1 Discuss the ways in which companies, like the ones mentioned in the extract above, that sourced clothes from the Rana Plaza can help improve business practices to prevent recurrence of events of this nature. Task 2 Choose any company, research and evidence how they operate ethically, taking into account their approach to consumerism, values and environmental friendliness. Answers: Task 1 About the report: The essay analyses firm named Rana Plaza within the textile industry in Bangladesh. First part of the study has actually tried to analyze all the companies who have sourced or are sourcing from the Rana plaza and the way in which they can help themselves for improvement of business practices and prevention of recurrence of any such incident which took place in Rana Plaza (Allhoff and Vaidya, 2005). Research also has also attempted to evaluate all ethical issues that were involved in the firm as well as all actions which related firms need and requirement to undertake further smooth endurance. Analysis and evaluation of such ethical as well as social plus companywide issues will definitely ensure that companies properly understand each and every thing which went wrong in the Rana Plaza plus effectively keep themselves away from any similar incident or actions which could harm others in similar way (Boylan, 2001). In the second part an organization named Starbucks has been considered a s well as all activities of the firm regarding fundamental ethical concern such as CSR and consumerism, environmental friendliness as well as beliefs and values has been recognized as such actions will definitely propel Starbucks goals plus aims into the future (Cory, 2005). Introduction to incident: The vital disaster took place at the organization Rana Plaza which is situated within Bangladesh, where an eight storied building including six factories literally fell like the house of cards, killing approximately 1,134 labors. This case also has put a notice on health as well as safety issues in the textile industry (Gavai, 2010). This incident has forced the firms to think twice upon the ethics and morale they carry and also that whether the real ethics towards safety and security of employees in being maintained or not. Also as a result, media, government as well as consumers plus also few other stakeholders even are more and more holding clothing companies accountable for every health plus safety contravention within their supply chains (Harish Jyawali, 2015). Discussion: As shareholders who belong to textile industry plus apparel firms are open to elements of financial as well as reputational risks plus even danger that comes out of incidents attached to dangerous working conditions at the firms sites for production. Therefore, investors now require carrying a significant wager in heartening firms to execute proper health as well as safety actions and practices throughout their self plus also their suppliers operations (Hartman, 2005).Several factors in reality share the liability of disaster that took place in the Rana Plaza. Bangladesh that is considered as a state having very weak governance even faces several structural issues as well as problems like lack of some genuine rule and even regulation of the law,inadequate and very scarce assessment procedures, plus generally very unproductive admission towards justice for the victims of the work-connected incidents. The firm can now follow some simple steps and attain full safety and security as well as can become capable of avoiding any such incident that took place at Rana Plaza (Mitchell, 2009). These steps are: As the governance is weak in this nation firms must abide by rules of license and also insurances for all its staffs and stakeholders The firms must have a proper structure towards work The firms must lay down rules and regulations for itself and must abide by all of them and even make its staffs follow the same(Moon, 2001) Firms must try to indulge a good assessment and evaluation process where a timely evaluation of the building and premises and also of all equipments and tools used in the sites must be carried on. The firms must be very ethical when it comes to providing safety and security to staffs and also must provide all its staffs with good justice and equality (Morais et al., 2014). Working conditions intended for all the labors must be properly improved and maintained thereafter. Good ecological standards must be maintained Few energy saving procedures must be implemented while production on sites Employee health plus safety standards require to be uphold and correct arrangements for health as well as safety of employees must also be made Nevertheless, in immediate consequences of the factory tragedy, few firms amazingly spoke incomprehension related to whether the factories are really shaped along with their goods or else it is merely a saying.Undoubtedly, as an outcome of multinational organizations which outsourced production to the nations like Bangladesh, self-existing contractors often gave verdicts within complex plus vital chains of supply (Paliwal, 2006). Firms here should try to understand that the cost plus their differentials, in fact were real causes of outsourcing in the initial place, in the midst of fully developed and also few developing countries which showed conditions within the factories that were perhaps substandard, with being merely empirical proof which could disprove such things. Recommendation: The brands plus firms can actually sign Accord on Building Safety and staff security in Bangladesh which would even permit the staffs to discontinue work if via any source they feel that their safety is beneath threat. Textile industry also has not forgotten Rana Plaza case, and neither the consumers have. It is in fact vital to frequently ask questions plus seek out the brands and firms which are wholeheartedly trying to increase worker conditions (Wurgaft, 2003). Conclusion: The major responsibility was upon Bangladeshi authorities because they failed in correctly fulfilling their duties and compulsions towards protecting labors and making them aware of the incidents and risks and also activities towards saving lives from those risks. State of the Bangladesh, according to the national and international law should actually also try its best to save and protect all the human rights within authority because they even were unsuccessful in their responsibility which was about granting the rights as well as safety to the textile industry employees. Task 2 Introduction: Starbucks actually is a global coffee chain and coffeehouse in based in Seattle within United States in Washington. Along with almost 17133 outlets in 49 nations Starbucks is globes largest coffeehouse firm. Health plus safety of consumers and the workers is very important factor of all the ethical elements that must be followed within any organization (Cole, 2008). Every firms reputation vitally depends upon health plus safety of the consumers. Health plus safety is also legal requirement of government. Global firms have employees who belong to several nations thus all of them need to be valued a lot for attainment of better results (Snyder, 2006). Methodology: The method used here for collection of data is secondary data collection method. Information has been gathered from many secondary resources like from the magazines, firms website, journals, and even some books. Discussion (Findings): Consumerism- Starbucks cultural meaning successfully motivates its consumers to consume its products and also this has served like a good place to work as well as socialize. Starbucks has an extremely communal ecology and is an ideal place intended for developing as well as maintaining good relations. Culture plus consumption which are several forms towards consumerism has also shaped star bucks outlets through development of the social relationship. Furthermore, it also is acceptable for public to enjoy as well as utilize sophisticated ecology for all of their personal sources as while consuming delicious coffee (Quelch and Rodriguez, 2015). Starbucks in reality positions itself like a premium coffee seller, that sells variety of coffees as well as some beverages, both hot plus cold, along with some snacks and also sandwiches. Being a premium brand for coffee, it often relies on the target market carrying a major count of some middle plus high earners along with throwaway income to recurrent all the coffee houses. The firm ia also capable of instilling a feeling of actual upper-class reorganization into its consumers through the product as well as upbeat ecology and staff interactions. While customers decisions also are frequently influenced by some other factors, the coffee at Starbucks still is a major way towards expressing themselves optimistically. Not merely did the firm shape its consumers, it also encouraged socialization and communication. People here can fully utilized space intended for their personal means and can of course make it a community setting intended both for work as well as pleasure. Values - Starbucks believes that ethically performing business as well as doing things right is actually very significant for all kinds of organizational success. Business ethics also compliances within the firm and there are program organized within Starbucks which supports the firms mission as well as vision plus also helps the firm to safeguard the cultu re as well as reputation, via resource allocation intended for ethical decisions when they are on work. Ethical context is also used within this firm to develop plus expand actual awareness of benchmarks regarding the business demeanor, legal compliance, amenities, training and also political interest plus many more (Roth, 2005). Environmental Friendliness- The firm is actually not only acting for the betterment of ecology but is also inspiring all of its customers, staffs, and also supplier to take proper care of environment. Starbucks also suggest that their consumers should reuse all of their mugs to the maximum extent possible. The staffs here also are recommended to use a smaller amount electrical energy within stores of Starbucks. The staffs thus try to utilize freezer and lights as well as thermostat to the minimum level. The resources used by the firm to produce all of their goods are from the base of natural resource. Coffee and other products that the firm serves to its customers are actually without colorants and preservatives as well as additives, particularly for the coffee bean that is used by the firm. To ensure that Starbucks have excellent and best benchmark of the coffee goods in world firms vice president personally has spearheaded the firms efforts to protect top-notch beans of coffee to p rovide the firms mounting needs. The firm also tends to build good relations with all the growers as well as exporters and also checks on the agricultural situations and the crop yields, as well as hunts out for varieties plus sources which would also meet firms exacting benchmarks of quality as well as flavor (Shaw, 2005). Recommendation: Starbucks can aim to make use of solar energy which is really renewable form of the energy. This might also help the firm to go a long way towards ensuring that very less carbon emission exist in the ecology. The firm can also aim to undertake advertisements towards promoting all its impartial and equal healthy as well as beneficial diet. Such advertisements must hold the nutrition advice on many paths of overwhelming healthy as well as beneficial diets of the fast food that the firm supplies. Though Starbucks constantly utilizes the paper-oriented packs it has yet been destined for using paper-oriented packs in rouse of the global warming risk. Paper in fact is attained from trees and thus through using these packages, firm might also have been passing against environmental preservation requirements thus company needs to properly act upon such fact and then convince public on this part (Snoeyenbos, Almeder and Humber, 2001). Majority of outlets belonging to Starbucks actually have attained design of actual green restaurant that holds in suitably saving the energy to huge extent. This may also supply the company with opportunity to donate in decrease of carbon emission through investing in the energy competent blocks as well as buildings. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that firm Starbucks has developed itself and has been successful in maintaining itself as extremely triumphant coffeehouse. As the firm it very popular for all its good tasting coffee, the firm is well known for its entire green symbol that it has embedded with vast much meaning at the back it. People are ready to spend premium amount more on the firm as it displayed type of feeling for upper-class, practical person. Through proper brand loyalty by the customers, Starbucks has turned to be a place of actual socialization. Though the firm still needs to amend itself on some issues it is well known for being ethically correct. In a nutshell here are all the details regarding ethical acts by Starbucks. References Allhoff, F. and Vaidya, A. (2005). Business ethics. London: SAGE Publications. Boylan, M. (2001). Business ethics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cole, G. (2008). Grande Expectations: a Year in the Life of Starbucks' Stock20081Karen Blumenthal. Grande Expectations: a Year in the Life of Starbucks' Stock . Loughton: Piatkus 2007. Management Decision, 46(4), pp.673-675. Cory, J. (2005). Activist business ethics. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Gavai, A. (2010). Business ethics. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Harish Jyawali, (2015). My Screencast. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrhPck8NOAM [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Hartman, L. (2005). Perspectives in business ethics. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Mitchell, C. (2009). A short course in international business ethics. Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press. Moon, C. (2001). Business ethics. London: Economist. Morais, U., Pena, J., Shacket, K., Sintilus, L., Ruiz, R., Rivera, Y. and Mujtaba, B. (2014). Managing Diverse Employees at Starbucks: Focusing on Ethics and Inclusion. IJLD, 4(3), p.35. Paliwal, M. (2006). Business ethics. New Delhi: New Age International. Quelch, J. and Rodriguez, M. (2015). Rana Plaza: Workplace Safety in Bangladesh (A) - Harvard Business Review. [online] Hbr.org. Available at: https://hbr.org/product/rana-plaza-bangladesh-garment-tragedy-a/an/514034-PDF-ENG [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Roth, J. (2005). Ethics. Pasadena, Calif.: Salem Press. Shaw, W. (2005). Business ethics. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Snoeyenbos, M., Almeder, R. and Humber, J. (2001). Business ethics. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. Snyder, M. (2006). State of the Profession: The Starbucks Effect. Academe, 92(1), p.70. Wurgaft, B. (2003). Starbucks and Rootless Cosmopolitanism. Gastronomica, 3(4), pp.71-75.

Lifestyle Sustainability And The Environment Essays -

Lifestyle Sustainability And The Environment Table of Contents Introduction 3 The Issue 3 Why It Is Important 6 Parties Involved 8 Recommendations and Solutions 9 Conclusion 11 Lifestyle Sustainability Handout 12 References 13 Lifestyle Sustainability In a perfect ecosystem everything gives and takes equally, and the cycle of life is sustained perpetually. Our current lifestyle is not environmentally sustainable. We consume more and more of the earths resources and give very little, if any, in return. The Brundtland Commission defines lifestyle sustainability as being development that seeks to meet the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising the ability to meet those of the future. Many factors are contributing to how humankind uses the earths resources and how humankind views the goal of sustainability. Public opinion, government intervention, and manufacturers seem to have the largest influence in determining how the earths resources are used. In order to create a sustainable society, all of these factors mu st work in conjunction with one another in the utilization of technology and resources to insure that the same resources will be available to future generations. The Issue Mankind has always sought to control its environment. While most species must deal with the world as it is, man has the ability and the desire to change and adapt the environment to suit its needs. If its too hot, then a way must be found to be cool. If there isnt enough shelter, it must be built. If there isnt enough food, it is produced. If there are other creatures that are regarded as pests, they are eliminated. Many of the efforts to control these environmental factors are made at the expense of destroying the biosphere upon which mankind depends. Every person on earth puts a strain on the biosphere and the earths population is increasing exponentially. Scientists predict that by the year 2050 mankind will top 10 Billion people. Vital Resources are stressed by the dual demands of increasing population and inc reasing consumption per person. Around the world we see groundwater supplies being depleted, agricultural soils being degraded, oceans being over-fished, oil reserves being drawn down, and forests being cut faster than they can re-grow, (Nebel and Wright, 2000, p. 6). The largest percentage of the worlds population lives in developing countries. These developing countries oftentimes have not established environmental controls in their manufacturing and farming techniques. For example, the use of DDT, long since banned for use in the United States, still sees widespread use in many developing Nations. The use of DDT is dangerous not only to insects, but also to the entire food chain, of which man is unavoidably a part. This is not to say that developed countries are not polluting. In fact, many times it is the developed countries that are exploiting the environment intentionally for personal or commercial gain. The U.S., for example, is the world's number one producer of garbage and industrial waste. The 6% of the world's population living in the U.S. uses an estimated 25 to 50% of the world's nonrenewable resources and produces about 15 to 40% of the world's waste. (Sustainable America, 1996:143) Despite the fact that most countries do have constraints and limits set for pollution, they are still a long way from being environmentally friendly. Pollution comes in many forms: air, water, and land. Air and water resources can and should be considered global resources. The misuse of these is not localized due to the fluid nature of air and water which are constantly circulating and affecting not only the producer of the pollution, but also its global neighbors. While creating these pollutants, many times there is also a negative impact on sustainability in that there is a consumption of non-renewable resources, such as fossil fuels. The current trend of urban sprawl is causing the earths resources to be used at an unsustainable rate while also contributing to poll ution. Urban sprawl is the rapid expansion of metropolitan areas through building housing developments and shopping centers farther and farther from urban centers and lacing them together with more and more major highways. Widespread development that has occurred without any overall land-use plan. (Nebel and Wright, 2000, p. 648). Given that urbanization causes a loss

Structural Transformation Example

Structural Transformation Example Structural Transformation – Book Report/Review Example Macro & Microeconomics Structural Transformation Gary Gereffi’s article â€Å"Development Models and Industrial Upgrading in China and Mexico† explores the development strategies that China and Mexico employ in the quest for national development and industrial upgrading. Gereffi presents the dissimilarities and resemblances that exist between the models of structural transformation that the two countries use. While Mexico’s development model focuses on extensive privatization, foreign direct investment, and open markets, China’s development approach is statist and strategic in a way that promotes global value chains and economies of scale.I have learned that structural transformation drives regional job creation and growth, as evidenced in China and Mexico. In addition, advancements in structural transformation enable a country to provide ideas and opportunities to other countries undergoing development. There are several parts of the transformation proces s that are applicable in other countries learning the basics of structural transformation. Even so, before integrating structural transformations, it is necessary to address economic and social challenges that may affect a specific country. Factors such as corruption and wage inequalities are detrimental to the appropriate implementation of efficacious development models. It is obligatory to identify necessary policies that augur well with any intended structural transformation. For instance, policies on foreign direct investment and international trade must interrelate well with structural transformation. China has been prosperous owing to the appropriate political climate that promotes development and growth. In addition, technology is at the forefront of structural transformation, which results in industrial upgrading (Gereffi 46). Owing to the technological advancements, China has advanced its infrastructure, which reduces costs of transportation. In time, the whole process leve rages economies of scale, and results in lower labor costs from the available labor market, and an increased growth rate for a country. Gereffi, Gary. Development Models and Industrial Upgrading in China and Mexico. European Sociological Review, Volume 25, Number 1, 2009.

Types of Sampling Designs Used in Sociology

Types of Sampling Designs Used in Sociology Since its rarely possible to study an entire population of focus, researchers use samples when they seek to collect data and answer research questions. A sample is simply a subset of the population being studied; it represents the larger population and is used to draw inferences about that population. Sociologists typically use two sampling techniques: those based on probability and those that are not. They can generate different kinds of samples using both techniques. Non-Probability Sampling Techniques The non-probability model is a technique in which samples are gathered in a way that does not give all individuals in a population equal chances of being selected. While choosing a non-probability method could result in biased data or a limited ability to make general inferences based on the findings, there are also many situations in which choosing this kind of sampling technique is the best choice for the particular research question or the stage of research. Four kinds of samples may be created with the non-probability model. Reliance on Available Subjects Relying on available subjects is a risky model that requires a great deal of caution on the part of the researcher. Since it entails sampling passersby or individuals with whom researchers randomly come into contact, it is sometimes referred to as a convenience sample because it does not allow the researcher to have any control over the representativeness of the sample. While this sampling method has drawbacks, it is useful if the researcher wants to study the characteristics of people passing by on a street corner at a certain point in time, especially if conducting such research would not be possible otherwise. For this reason, convenience samples are commonly used in the early or pilot stages of research, before a larger research project is launched. Though this method can be useful, the researcher will not be able to use the results from a convenience sample to generalize about a wider population. Purposive or Judgmental Sample A purposive or judgmental sample is one that is selected based on the knowledge of a population and the purpose of the study. For example, when sociologists at the University of San Francisco wanted to study the long-term emotional and psychological effects of choosing to terminate a pregnancy, they created a sample that exclusively included women whod gotten abortions. In this case, the researchers used a purposive sample because those being interviewed fit a specific purpose or description that was necessary to conduct the research. Snowball Sample A snowball sample is appropriate to use in research when the members of a population are difficult to locate, such as homeless individuals, migrant workers, or undocumented immigrants. A snowball sample is one in which the researcher collects data on the few members of the target population he or she can locate and then asks those individuals to provide the information needed to locate other members of that population. For example, if a researcher wanted to interview undocumented immigrants from Mexico, she might interview a few undocumented individuals that she knows or can locate. Afterward, she would rely on those subjects to help locate more undocumented individuals. This process continues until the researcher has all the interviews she needs, or until all contacts have been exhausted. This technique is useful when studying a sensitive topic that people might not openly talk about, or if talking about the issues under investigation could jeopardize their safety. A recommendation from a friend or acquaintance that the researcher can be trusted works to grow the sample size.   Quota Sample A quota sample is one in which units are selected into a sample on the basis of pre-specified characteristics so that the total sample has the same distribution of characteristics assumed to exist in the population being studied. For example, researchers conducting a national quota sample might need to know which proportion of the population is male and which proportion is female. They might also need to know the percentage of men and women who fall under different age, race, or class brackets, among others. The researcher would then collect a sample that reflected those proportions. Probability Sampling Techniques The probability model is a technique wherein samples are gathered in a way that gives all the individuals in the population an equal chance of being selected. Many consider this to be the more methodologically rigorous approach to sampling because it eliminates social biases that could shape the research sample. Ultimately, though, the sampling technique you choose should be the one that best allows you to respond to your particular research question. There are four kinds of probability sampling techniques. Simple Random Sample The simple random sample is the basic sampling method assumed in statistical methods and computations. To collect a simple random sample, each unit of the target population is assigned a number. A set of random numbers  is then generated and the units of those numbers are included in the sample. A researcher studying a population of 1,000 might wish to choose a random sample of 50 people. First, each person is numbered 1 through 1,000. Then, you generate a list of 50 random numbers, typically with a computer program, and the individuals assigned those numbers are the ones included in the sample. When studying people, this technique is best used with a homogenous population, or one that does not differ much by age, race, education level, or class. This is because when dealing with a more heterogeneous population, a researcher runs the risk of creating a biased sample if demographic differences are not taken into account. Systematic Sample In a systematic sample, the elements of the population are put into a list and then every nth element in the list is chosen systematically for inclusion in the sample. For example, if the population of study contained 2,000 students at a high school and the researcher wanted a sample of 100 students, the students would be put into list form and then every 20th student would be selected for inclusion in the sample. To ensure against any possible human bias in this method, the researcher should select the first individual at random. This is technically called a systematic sample with a random start. Stratified Sample A stratified sample is a sampling technique in which the researcher divides the entire target population into different subgroups  or strata, and then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata. This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to highlight specific subgroups within the population. For example, to obtain a stratified sample of university students, the researcher would first organize the population by college class and then select appropriate numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. This would ensure that the researcher has adequate amounts of subjects from each class in the final sample. Cluster Sample Cluster sampling may be used when it is either impossible or impractical to compile an exhaustive list of the elements that make up the target population. Usually, however, the population elements are already grouped into subpopulations and lists of those subpopulations already exist or can be created. Perhaps a studys target population is church members in the United States. There is no list of all church members in the country. The researcher could, however, create a list of churches in the United States, choose a sample of churches, and then obtain lists of members from those churches. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Corporal punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporal punishment - Essay Example Although corporal punishment’s aim is to impose discipline, parents, guardians and the like must carefully re-consider its effects on the child’s emotional, psychological, and physical well-being. In effect, corporal punishment is not an option in disciplining a child, but is basically a threat towards the child’s overall development. By definition, corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain, intended to correct behavior or to punish (Wikipedia, 2006). Various efforts in support of this corporal punishment attest that such form of discipline must be considered as the pains an individual suffer early in life is translated into feelings of emotional wholeness. Children who underwent corporal punishment strive harder to reach greater goals in life. Proponents of this concept emphasize that fact that it is the most effective form of discipline, particularly for uncontrollable and unmanageable children. Delinquent children are uncontrollable simply because they think their parents do not care about whatever they do. At times, they think their actions are admissible due to their parents’ lack of interest. On the extreme side, their parents do dissuade them against harm’s way, but in effect these types of children are still unthreatened by their parents’ disciplining ways. As the end justifies the means, corporal punishment becomes the only viable solution to delinquent children or to those children who have uncontrollable behavior. Furthermore, it is the easiest way to impose and manage discipline. In addition, parents’ use of harder forms of physical punishment may have less impact on a child, as opposed to the use of emotional violence. There are children who view corporal punishment as a way to feel the love and respect of their parents. By means of spanking, children are able to perceive that their parents still care for them; hence they still spend time and attention through the discipline they impose. If

Innovation in organizational structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Innovation in organizational structure - Essay Example It also reflects similarities with other aspects of Lewin's general model of change. For example, the planning stage can be described as a period of unfreezing, or problem awareness, the action stage as a period of changing or trying out new forms of behavior in an attempt to understand and cope with the system's problems and the results stage as a period of refreezing, in which newer forms of behaviors are tried out on the job and, if successful and reinforcing, become a part of the system's problem-solving behavior. Action research is generally problem centered, client centered, and action oriented. In this process data are not simply used to compile a written report but they are actually fed back in open joint sessions, and the client and the change agent work jointly for identifying and ranking specific problems, for devising methods of finding their real causes, and to develop plans for coping with them practically. Scientific method that includes data gathering, forming hypothe ses, testing hypotheses, and measuring results is an integral part of this process. Action research also sets in motion a long-range, cyclical, self-correcting mechanism for maintaining and enhancing the effectiveness of the client's system by leaving the system with practical and useful tools for introducinbg changes. (Lewin, 1946) It can be described as an problem-solving process involving four statges. It is generally used in quality control.

Eastenders and Coronation Street Essay Example for Free

Eastenders and Coronation Street Essay astenders and Coronation Street deals with these rules by not showing any bad violence, drugs, sexual intercourse, nudity or demonstrations of exorcisms. If any of these are shown they will be justified so much that it is suitable for all ages. This affects the reality of the programme because in some of the storyline situations they cannot fully show the reality of what may happen in real life because they cannot swear for example, and all the things they cannot show are usually in everyday life. Paragraph three There are different principles shown in every episode, from the Eastenders episode we watched issues raised were things like underage drinking, working underage and adultery all these issues are delt with without harming or offending anyone. In the Coronation Street episode issues raised were slander, stalking, teenage depression, abortion and St Georges Day. Again all these issues were raised without insulting people. They couldnt show anything on local elections because it is against the broadcasting code and it may sway peoples decisions on who they are going to vote for. This also makes the reality of the programme not real because at that time of year people are talking about elections but on these programmes they cannot. Paragraph four The two soap operas Eastenders and Coronation Street differ from advertising because BBC1 dont have a commercial breaks in the middle and Coronation Street do they also are sponsored by Cadburys so at the start, the breaks and the end they advertise Cadburys. On BBC1 the viewers pay for the channel to stay up and running, but on ITV they make their money from adverts and advertising different products, and in Coronation Streets instance it is Cadburys. The commercial breaks are limited and regulated so they suit the stereotypical types who watch that certain programme but in soap operas instance all ages watch so there is adverts for all ages. Coronation Street and Eastenders are similar in that both dont show any products, brand names or designs so people are not persuaded to buy one product over another. Paragraph five Conclusion My opinion is that soap operas can never be real because of the regulations they are under, for example swearing and abuse is apart of everyday life even if it is to the minimum. However I dont think people watch them, for the realism of the programme but for the gossip or the melodrama others for the humour or the storylines which may help people with similar situations.

My Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Education Educational Teacher Essays

My Teaching Philosophy The nature of knowledge should be relative. Each student is different, and their education should fit their needs. Education should help the child grow both mentally and emotionally. Students should be given the right to think on their own. They do not need a teacher who will take their free will away. Students should not have to conform to something in which they do not believe. They should have their own thought processes. The best philosophical approach toward a child’s education is progressivism. Progressivism allows the child to be a free-thinking individual. My teaching method will let the students become critical thinkers who can use their knowledge in the â€Å"outside world†. To accomplish this I will use praise as the main source of reward. Telling a child they are doing well, will encourage them to do better. My students will be allowed to voice their opinions without being judged. I want to become a teacher because I want to feel like I am accomplishing something special. Teachers have the ability to transform their students into free thinking individuals, and I would like nothing better than to help a student to find his or her place in the world. The overall purpose of education is to teach children the basic skills that they will need in life. Their education will be integrated with what they plan to accomplish. They can learn through an experience related curriculum, such as internships and group projects. If stud...

‘Hide and Seek’ by Vernon Scannell and ‘Half-past Two’ by U. A. Fanthorpe Essay

‘Hide and Seek’ concerns a boy hiding cautiously whilst playing hide and seek with his peers. Gradually, he realises he has been abandoned, and fear overcomes him due to being isolated in the dark surroundings. The tone is incredibly certain and positive at the beginning. However, his confidence gradually fades away as the realisation of his abandonment occurs. The mood is analogous to the tone. At first, we can sense the excitement. This modifies to anxiety and nervousness towards the end. The poet uses language features to portray the tone. On the first line, exclamation marks are used to show the enthusiasm of the boy. Scannell uses personification and the senses to describe the surrounding atmosphere in a vivid way. Therefore, the reader gets a clearer image. Occasional rhyme is used to add a sense of rhythm to the poem. The poem is one continuous stanza. It is like dramatic monologue in that it creates character, but it is actually second person. The structure emphasises the unbearable length of waiting time. The adult speaks to his childhood self in second person, explaining feeling and thoughts. There are short sentences to build up tension and create stillness. The themes explored in ‘Hide and Seek’ are childhood experiences, reflection, isolation and abandonment. These themes are also explored in ‘Half- past Two’. This poem also explores various other themes such as time restriction and criticism of teaching methods. Half-past two is about a child who has been naughty. The punishment given by his teacher is to stay in the room until half- past two. She forgets that she hasn’t taught him time. He only understands his routines and throughout the poem we see how the child escapes time because he doesn’t know it. The poet uses tone and language methods to portray the way the child is treated. The mood for the majority of the poem is quite dreamy and we get the feeling that the boy is confused. In terms of language, personification is used effectively to show the child’s view of time. The use of senses creates the surrounding atmosphere like in the previous poem, ‘Hide and Seek’. Compound words are used to show the routines of the boy and the only time concepts he understands. Rhythm is produced by the repetition of compound words and by the fact that they are said in a child’s sing- song voice. Half-past two is divided into eleven three lines stanzas. Irony is expressed through the organised structure, as it contrasts with the boy’s feelings. In ‘Hide and Seek’ the child is hiding carefully, checking ‘feet aren’t sticking out,’ and taking precautions such as not risking ‘another shout.’ Gradually, we realise his friends have purposely abandoned him, but the child is very naive and thinks he is ‘the winner.’ He realises in ‘the darkening garden’ that he has been neglected. The poem is written in second person. ‘They’ll never find you in this salty dark.’ This gives us the impression that the narrator is an adult looking back on the experience. The senses are used in order to describe the surrounding atmosphere in a more vivid way. ‘The sacks in the tool shed smell like the seaside.’ Scannell also uses personification, which causes us to imagine how the child is feeling at that particular point. ‘The cold bites through your coat.’ Personification is effective at portraying the child’s feelings as it is easier for us to understand something if it is described to us in a more physical way. The majority of personification is used towards the end to give a sense of foreboding. ‘The darkening garden’ watching emphasises his isolation in a scary place whereas ‘the bushes hold their breath’ can show what the child may be doing because he is scared. In extreme circumstances when people are very scared, they hold their breath without knowing. Scannell applies punctuation to portray the tone and mood of the poem. ‘I’m ready! Come and find me!’ The exclamation marks highlight the excitement of the child. We detect a positive attitude and certainty due to the use of the imperative rather than taking orders. A question is used at the end to portray the uncertain and anxious emotions the child is feeling. ‘But where are they who sought you?’ This is the voice of the adult reflecting on a bitter experience. It is symbolic that the poem begins with the imperative and exclamation marks and conspicuously ends with confusion and question marks. It emphasises the gradual change from having a positive attitude to realisation of isolation. An alternative point that proves that the mood is positive at the beginning  is that the child compares the current situation to a typical, happy one the majority of children’s experience. ‘The sacks in the tool shed smell like the seaside.’ This gives the impression of a dazzling, sunny beach with a lot of happy children playing without constraints and restriction. This is ironic as the child is isolated in a dark, begrimed place with restricted space. The poem is one continuous stanza. The dramatic monologue symbolizes the unbearable length of waiting time. The character is speaking directly to us, explaining his different feelings and thoughts. The poem can be divided into two parts. They are positivity and certainty, and negativity and realisation. The first line of the second part is, ‘it seems a long time since they went away.’ Previously, the child attempts to convince himself they are still looking for him. ‘They must be thinking you’re very clever.’ The effect of this is to emphasise the naivety and innocence of the child. For the majority of the poem, the child is positive, but only for a minority is he negative. This can accentuate the fact a child may spend more time with fallacious ideas than in actual reality. Short sentences are used to build up tension. ‘Don’t breathe. Don’t move. Stay dumb.’ These sentences are said slower than the rest of the poem, creating a tense stillness. The pace slows down. Occasional rhyme is present in ‘Hide and Seek’. ‘Out, shout,’ ‘coat, throat.’ A sense of rhythm is added to the poem. I think there are four main themes explored in the poem; childhood memories, isolation, abandonment, feeling unwanted and reflection. Reflection and childhood memories can be connected as the whole poem is about an adult reflecting on a childhood memory. This is proven by the fact that the whole of the poem is written in second person. ‘You’ve never heard them sound so hushed before.’ This is more personal than using ‘he’ or ‘him.’ Isolation is another theme. The innocent child doesn’t think so, but for the  whole of the poem, he is alone. In the positive part of the poem, he believes that his friends are outside, but close to him. ‘They’re moving closer, someone stumbles, mutters;’ The child believes his friends are so close, he can even hear they’re discreet actions, usually unnoticeable. Like the last theme, it emphasises the naivety and innocence of the boy. An alternative point to verify that the boy is in isolation is the fact that he is in ‘the darkening garden’ as he emerges from ‘the tool shed.’ There is emphasis on the amount of darkness in his surroundings. This can be interpreted as a symbol of loneliness. This brings about fear, especially in young children. The fact that ‘the sun is gone’ is another symbol for darkness being present. For children, the sun and brightness are indications of happiness and contentment within a group. The theme of abandonment can be associated with isolation because he is alone. It is clear to us that his friends purposefully abandon the boy. ‘Their words and laughter scuffle, and they’re gone.’ We realise this a considerable time before the boy does. This emphasises that most of the time, children are left in the dark, and elders know beforehand. Feeling unwanted is another major theme of ‘Hide and Seek’. This is how the child feels when the realisation of his abandonment occurs to him. ‘Yes, here you are. But where are they who sought you?’ It is likely that the child feels his peers abandoned him because they do not like him. This action and the subsequent emotion are common with children. The child is left confused thinking that there is something wrong with them. I can tell by the bitterness of the adult’s tone that this is how the child feels. ‘You’re legs are stiff, the cold bites through your coat.’ He is trying to show that all the pain he went through was not worth it because he was unwanted. Similarly to ‘Hide and Seek’, ‘Half- past Two’ is about a young child. He has done something naughty in school and is told by his teacher to stay in the room until ‘Half- past Two’. In her rush, she forgets that ‘She hadn’t taught him Time.’ The only time concepts he is aware of and understands are daily routines such as ‘Gettinguptime,’ ‘Timeyouwereofftime.’ Whilst  waiting, he escapes into a ‘clockless land’ ‘out of reach of all the timefors.’ The teacher returns, slots ‘him back into school time’ and tells him to leave, or else he’ll be late. Contrasting with ‘Hide and Seek’, ‘Half- past Two’ is written in third person. ‘He did Something Very Wrong.’ I think the narrator is the adult looking back on a childhood experience. The poet doesn’t make it very obvious by using first person, or second person like ‘Hide and Seek’. Fanthorpe uses personification to portray the child’s view of the clock. ‘The little eyes, and two long legs for walking.’ This view is a child’s typical perception and establishes how naive a child can be, a comparison to ‘Hide and Seek’. Personification is used further when Fanthorpe uses the pun, ‘He couldn’t click its language.’ She is progressing further from the point that a child views a clock as a living object. A clock produces a ticking noise. To the child, this is how it talks. The pun stresses the point that he can’t understand a clock, and therefore time. Personification is used in ‘Hide and Seek’, but for different purposes. It is to give a clearer image, rather than show a child’s perception of an object. A comparison to ‘Hide and Seek’ concerning language is that the senses create a clearer atmosphere for the reader. ‘The smell of old chrysanthemums on Her desk.’ Another reason for the use of senses differing from ‘Hide and Seek’ at this particular point is to show how people, especially children notice insignificant things when they are alone. Their concentration increases due to minimal distraction. ‘Into the silent noise his hangnail made.’ The senses are used when he escapes into the ‘clockless land of ever’. A significant stanza of the poem is where ‘she slotted him back into schooltime.’ An image of this is created in our minds of a mechanical action. It is as if he is being taken out of one zone and put back into another instantly. The alliteration on this line causes the poem to be more rhythmic. Subsequent to escaping the timeless world, the teacher’s words are in  italics. ‘I forgot all about you.’ I think this is to make her lines prominent. These lines are important because they emphasise the fact that the child was neglected. Compound words are used to portray the child’s routines, the only time concepts he understands. ‘Gettinguptime, timeyouwereofftime, timetogohomenowtime.’ I think his parents and other carers in his life say these. The repetition of compound words creates a sense of rhythm. They seem to be said in a sing- song tone, emphasising the patronizing tone to the child because of his age. A patronizing tone is used previously towards the boy. ‘He did Something Very Wrong.’ The title case states the words that are emphasised. She thinks that if she uses a normal tone, the message won’t get through to him. In the last stanza, we can sense the wistful tone of the narrator. ‘Where time hides tick- less waiting to be born.’ He wishes he could escape into this land where he isn’t restricted by time, like most adults. The narrator shows bitterness by using a satirical and sarcastic tone. ‘(I forget what it was.)’ This mocks the teacher by trying to show that she was making a big deal out of something insignificant. The mood in the poem is dreamy, especially when the boy escapes into the timeless zone. ‘Beyond onceupona.’ The mood emphasises his confusion by the unfamiliar concept of time. The dreamy mood is also indicated by the fairytale references. ‘Once upon a schooltime.’ The word ‘time’ is substituted for alternative words or none at all. Not only do fairytale references portray the mood, but also the fact that fairytales are childish and contain fantasy aspects. The moods in ‘Half- past Two’ are a contrast to the mood in ‘Hide and Seek’. The poem is divided into eleven three-line stanzas, showing organisation. Irony is expressed through the organised structure, as it contrasts with the boy’s feelings. This is a very noticeable difference to the structure of ‘Hide and Seek’. A  further distinction is that occasional brackets are used in ‘Half- past Two’ as opposed to none in ‘Hide and Seek’. One stanza is dedicated to criticizing teaching methods and sarcastically mocking her. ‘(Being cross, she’d forgotten she hadn’t taught him Time. He was too scared of being wicked to remind her.)’ The brackets represent the insignificance of the teacher’s actions. The themes explored in ‘Half- past Two’ that are also explored in ‘Hide and Seek’ are childhood memories, isolation, abandonment and reflection. Also, restriction of time and freedom of childhood. Like in ‘Hide and Seek’, the themes of childhood memories and reflection can be closely tied together because in my view, the poem is about an adult looking back on a childhood experience. Unlike ‘Hide and Seek’, this isn’t indicated by the use of second person as the poem is written in third person, a less personal approach. It is indicated by the tone in the final stanza. ‘But he never forgot how once by not knowing time†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The tone is pensive and regretful. The adult wishes he had the power to escape into the ‘clockless land of ever.’ This brings me to my next point that restriction by time is a theme explored in ‘Half- past Two’, but not ‘Hide and Seek’. The last stanza is the adult reflecting. ‘He escaped into the clockless land of ever, where time hides tick- less waiting to be born.’ The quote emphasises the fact that an innocent child isn’t restricted by time as oppos ed to adults. An additional theme is isolation. Contrary to ‘Hide and Seek’, the child is aware of his isolation, but confused at how to escape it. ‘So he waited†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ His child like qualities are emphasised by the fact that he needs an older responsible figure to help and guide him. Abandonment, another theme, occurs when his teacher as opposed to friends in ‘Hide and Seek’ deserts the child. In both poems, the child is abandoned, but the teacher and the friends have different intentions. The friends do it as a joke and assume the child will find his way back, whereas the teacher ignored and forgot the boy. ‘Stay in the schoolroom till half- past two.’ In conclusion, I think the differences outweigh the similarities. An important similarity is that both are about adults reflecting on childhood experiences. In ‘Hide and Seek’, the adult is regretful and despises the experience, whereas in ‘Half- past Two’, the adult wishes he could relive the experience. Another difference is the structures of both poems. ‘Hide and Seek’ is one continuous stanza, whereas ‘Half- past Two’ consists of eleven three line stanzas. Regarding language, both poems use personification and senses to vividly describe the surrounding atmosphere. Unlike ‘Half- past Two’, ‘Hide and Seek’ uses punctuation to portray the change in tone and mood. Regarding themes, all themes explored in ‘Hide and Seek’ are explored in ‘Half- past Two’ as well as more. A noticeable difference is the content of both poems. The experiences are totally different as are the reactions a nd personal opinions of them. I enjoyed reading ‘Hide and Seek’ more than ‘Half- past Two’. This is because I thought ‘Hide and Seek’ was more effective at vividly portraying the experience. In ‘Half- past Two’, it was harder to get a grasp of the content and symbolism within the poem.

Role of Media in Public Awareness

The media play an important role in increasing of public awareness and formation their views and attitudes toward certain issues. Nowadays, Internet resources are one of the most common means of communication as mass media. Today in Tajikistan, blogging and participation in social networks are one of the most common activities of Internet users after the e-mail and search programs. This trend is particularly noticeable among young people who spend more time on the computer and obtain more information from the global network.Today, blogging is also a good way to express views on any issues. With the proper formulation of the issue and placing posts in the blogs, social networks and forums, the discussions on the topic can continue for months and attract more attention than other types of media. Now, there are many blogs in the internet created by residents of Tajikistan or Tajik bloggers living abroad. Many people are becoming bloggers now despite of their professions, education and s tandard of living.Many of them are celebrities and idols whose opinions considered by most of the population, especially young people. We should expect that gradually the Internet will be the most popular way of exchange of information. The importance of this method of informing the public and attracting the online communities’ attention to various problems is the most efficient way to disseminate information. If we compare the traditional media to Internet resources, the important difference is that you always can post comments in the internet.The Tajik Family Planning Alliance in its operations put emphasis on the sharing of information, advocating, providing services and subscribing to services in order to advance the sexual and reproductive health and rights of the citizens, with special focus to HIV/AIDS and STI prevention, unwanted pregnancy, as well as unsafe abortion. For this purpose TFPA works with mass media such as newspapers, radio and television within the frame works of various projects.This year we started our work with a new direction, which is blogging. Within the framework of Access project it was held three day training for bloggers-journalists on the topic of â€Å"Blogging is an internet-based mechanism for the dissemination of information field about SRHR† to improve access of young people to information. 15 representatives of various newspapers have participated in this training. During the training the participants were taught how to create a blog in platform of WordPress. om – one of the most popular and multi-functional platforms for blogging. Participants were provided not only the information on how to create blogs, but also basic information on SRHR and family planning. In practical part of training, the participants created their own profiles on popular social networks such as Face book, Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr. By creating a profiles and blogs, they contributed to a greater dissemination of information i n the global network.In spite of the free choice of topic for a blog, most of the participants selected the topics related to SRHR and family planning, and the rest the aspects of healthy lifestyle. Thus, it was created 10 blogs, which included both personal blogs and blogs of newspapers. TFPA plans to continue to work with blogs and online journalists by supporting bloggers and active users of social networks and implementing variety of activities on promotion of relevant Internet resources, including the traditional media.

The Hunger Games Essay Example

The Hunger Games Essay Example The Hunger Games Paper The Hunger Games Paper Essay Topic: The Hunger Games The nation of Panem Is the ruins of the place once known as North America. Panem was once surrounded by 13 districts, and at the center of it is the Capitol. The districts had created an uprising before against the capitol which ended Into destruction of the District 13. The 12 districts remained but have been faced to a game where lite is at stake -the Hunger Games which tor the capitol reminds everyone In Panem that it is to pay what had happened in uprising. The Hunger Games is game where two tributes (players) from every district will be chosen. The players name are drawn In d ceremony called the Reaping. The Reaping Is the time where names of every citizen ages from 12-18 years old will be drawn. The more you entries you give In the Reaping the more ration you will get tor your tarnlly. In districts hunger games Is a cruel thing because tributes will kill each other and is being televised live on TV. Family of tributes will be grieving since it is a sacrifice for them to be saved from hunger. The victor of the game will be spending a splendid life from providing them shelter to making their stomach full this is to remind the people ot Panem that even the dlstrlcts created an uprising before the capitol Is still enerous enough to partake in giving such rewards. Katniss Everdeen is a girl who lives in District 12 where coal mining was their livelihood. Her father died at mine tunnels when he stepped on a mine. Since then she took the responsibility as the head of the family since her mother became so depressed with what happened to their father. He also has a sister named Primrose Everdeen. Katniss lived a life of survival and protected Prim since their father died. She always slipped on the districts fence and hunt for their dally needs and food which is Illegal for it is a form f theft, getting something out of the fence means getting something from the Capitol. Since the peacekeeper in 12 is nice, getting outside the fence and trading food from the woods became so negligible. until the day of the Reaping comes and the 74th Hunger Games will begin, Prims name got drawn to become one of the tributes trom 12. But to protect Prim was one ot Katniss priorities so she volunteered for her sister. The drama of course made Katniss very popular In the Capitol and that made Katniss gain more sponsors. On the other hand Peeta Mellark was also drawn to become one of the tributes. Peetd Melldrk was the men who helped Katniss when she cant get any food from the woods and by that time shes literally begging for food to keep her tamlly alive. Peeta, a son ot a baker burned bread Intentionally and got scolded by his mother since it is a waste. He had thrown the bread directly to his position instead of their pigs The tributes from 12 were guided to the Justice Building of the district. They can be found In different room where visitors are allowed to come until the day where they travel to the capitol. Madge, the mayors daughter visited Katniss and gave her a Mockingjay pln. Mocklng]ay Is a bird made from a cross breed of jabber]ay (which is a weapon, that can record a sound or voice to their mind and they are used during the uprising) and a mocking bird. Thus this bird became her Identity during the hunger games since it is a symbol of the District 12. alive the next time theyll see each other. They rode a train to the capitol where they met Effie Trinket and Haymitch. Effie Trinket is a woman from the Capitol with a weird sense of fashion. She is the one who draw names during the reaping and will be assisting the tributes in the Capitol. Haymitch is the only victor of the District 12. He became the mentor of the tributes during the games. The game is fast approaching, and so the tributes from all the districts were programmed to be a career. Career means attending a whole lot of training about weaponry and survival. They also went to a parade at the Capitol which also made Katniss very interesting where Cinna (her head stylist} made a black gown that actually flicker with fake fire that cant even hurt a skin. Katniss was aliased as the Girl on Fire. So she gained more sponsors. There is also a day where they had a televised interview from Flickerman. And what so urprising is that Peeta confessed that he is in love with Katniss. Which in the other hand a conflict, because they cant be no two victor in a game and that means they will kill each other and that will end their love story. So after the interview they played the star-crossed lover roles. And it is also a good trick for the capitol people did bite it. They became so passionate with them and also they sponsored for the two. So the Hunger Games began, at first Peeta has Joined a pack of different tributes, while Katniss made it to herself. Days passed when Katniss has finally Joined herself n ally -Sue from the District 8. When Sue got killed by one of the tributes, Katniss unaware of what shes doing sparked an uprising by putting flowers on Sues body until a hovercraft appear to take the cold body. She also did the sign of love and respect in 12. Days passed and the game has become boring. No killings and so the head of the Game Makers bend a rule that change their lives. Two tributes will be victors if they were from the same district. After hearing it, she chased Peeta down the woods and when they see each other they played the star-cross lover again. After o many killings, Peeta and Katniss are still alive. They are waiting for the signal that they will be announced victors but they are not announcing it, instead they announced that the rule has been changed again of course for the entertainment of the Capitol. And so they challenged the capitol by putting poisonous berries in their mouth together that made the game makers change their minds and announce the two as the victors. The Capitol was mocked by the act, so after the games the two became a threat to the government. And another uprising against the Capitol has begun.

made in the USA essays

made in the USA essays Made in the USA has come to be a very generic term used on a lot of products from all around the world. Currently, there are no standards to set what is actually Made in the USA. Companies claim that if a few parts of the product have been made within its boarders it is deemed Made in the USA. By personal standards, I think that if a product has a majority of its parts made within the boarders of North America it has a right to be classified as Made in the USA and also have its seal. It is the same way in any country; it is a statement of pride or patriotism. That is why Americans want to support their own and keep their money in their economy. This forms a sense of unity and supporting your fellow American. Products fully made in the United States is nearly impossible to find. Making all the parts for a specific product is hard for any country to accomplish. Since the resources are based in different areas; we have to rely on other countries for certain products. A majority of petroleum comes from the Middle East which is produced into plastics. Plastic is one of the most used products in our current age. Therefore, any product to be fully made in the United States or in any country it is barely possible. Certain resources are more abundant in different places, which make them less expensive in those areas. Supply and demand makes it more economical to buy from the countries that have more of a product, which lowers the product costs. Product cost is the basis for all decisions of which country certain products come from. Technically we could make a product completely in the United States, but the cost would be so high for some of the parts, which is why we import different parts. This makes the products a lot cheaper compared to the same that would be actually made in the USA. A set of shoes at a store that where Made in the USA where $99, but the other shoes of the sam...

Progress report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Progress report - Essay Example A credit crunch usually happens during a recession (as what we are in right now) that results in greater difficulty in getting or securing borrowed money from banks and lenders. A crunch occurs because the usual lenders are nervous about lending out their monies due to the reduced prospects of repayment, such as during a recession when the economy is not doing so well and impacts negatively on people’s ability to repay a loan. This brief paper aims to look and discuss how the current credit crunch is affecting all consumers. Most academic research and newspaper reports only talked about a credit crunch and its impact on big corporations but neglected its effect on individuals. It is the objective of this paper to correct this oversight and enlighten people on how the credit crunch affects them individually on a personal level. The rationale for choosing this topic is that a credit crunch has a negative effect on everybody from availability of jobs to the ease of getting a loan and to the interest charged on credit cards and home mortgages; its impact is very wide ranging. Discussion Consumer spending accounts for roughly 70% of the United States economy. GDP is the measure of all the goods and services produced by labour and property within the country (Young, 2011:1). The United States economy has a big impact on the world economy because of its sheer size. However, there are also some constraints to consumer spending, primarily a depressed economy that contributed to a high 9.8% unemployment rate. Even here at United Kingdom, the economy is also largely dependent on consumer spending. Figures produced from the statistics office showed that household final consumption expenditure (HHFCE) had grown by 1% only in the third quarter of last year (at current prices) compared to1.9% growth in the second quarter of 2010 (Clancy, 2011:7). The practical implications of a credit crunch are more expensive credit cards, higher rates for housing mortgages, decreased savings or pension funds reduced in value and perhaps even much worse, personal bankruptcies and repossessions. A cause of the credit crunch that is experienced today can be traced to the â€Å"housing bubble† in the US where house prices kept increasing due to low interest rates. An asset price bubble (residential properties) came about when house prices went up without any corresponding change in the fundamental demand. It simply means house prices increased due to speculation (Kroszner, 2005:3). Because of this sudden drop in housing prices, the wealth of most home owners had been wiped out. Structure of this paper follows the trail of effects of a credit crunch on people. It begins with different channels of credit, then how it affects jobs and employment, then on to interest rates and then followed by the implosion in savings and pensions. The last part of this portion talks on the pain of home foreclosures. The next parts of the paper discuss how an asset price bubble will start to form because once a bubble bursts, it results into a recession and a credit crunch. The last part discusses how the central bank deals with it and how people can cope with it. Because of the credi

Identify the 4ps for the totally different customers Assignment

Identify the 4ps for the totally different customers - Assignment Example Bases for segmentation can be demographic, geographic, psychographic or behavioral. The way city residents will behave as concerned to the type of vehicle they would want to have is the not the same as the way farmers and landowners will behave concerning the same issue. Therefore the company must prepare a market mix that favors both segments by offering brands that are inline with their preferences. A market mix is formed based on the four Ps which are Product, Price, Promotion and Place. The pricing made to farmers and city residents must offer value to both the company and the buyers of the four-wheel vehicles. The product that is the type of four-wheel vehicle preferred by city residents should be differentiated by the type preferred by farmers and landowners. Vehicles targeted for city residents will posses specifications that provide better conditions for human transport. Vehicles sold to the farmers and landowners will have characteristics that provide a favorable condition f or farm activities. Promotion involves branding the products in a way that favors each particular segment. The four-wheel vehicles for farmers and land owners segment must be branded to favor farm activities while those for city residents are branded to favor the comforts of the city residents during human transportation. A good marketing mix for the four-wheel company should conduct promotion in such a way that it creates public relations between the customers and the company hence establishing connections between the two parties. The promotion process must provide effective communication process through identifying the target audience i.e. farmers and city residents, Determine communication objectives i.e. marketing to achieve high sales where they are low, Design a message, Choose a Media and finally collect a feedback from the people. The segmentation itself is defined by the place of use of the vehicle and in this case it is the farm and the city. A preferred marketing mix will have to target consumers in such a way that more sales are conducted (www.udel.edu, Focusing Marketing Strategy with Segmentation and Positioning). These can only be achieved through fulfilling both customer needs in terms of product preference, favorable market prices, better promotion strategies and selling products at best located selling points. Consumer does love products that are likes of the majority and therefore a company must market its products to have high sales if they want to maintain the hold on their customers. The table below offers an example of a preferable market mix. Table 1: Marketing mixes for two different consumer segments (Segment A: Farmers) (Segment B: City residents) PRODUCT Four Wheel drive features are of high standard compared to the ones for consumers. The features they have make them high standard due to the tasks the vehicle is meant to perform. The capacity of sitting will be less but with high speed and acceleration. The standards of consumer fo ur Wheel drive are lower as compared to those of farmers since they are only meant for passenger transport. Huge capacity but low speed is just an example of the features. PRICE High price since farmers and landowners are wealthy to spend huge amount of money to spend on a good Vehicle. The value is comparable to the benefits it offers the

Biomedical engineering and IT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biomedical engineering and IT - Assignment Example Therefore, in the year 2004, homecare opted to approach biomedical repair segment in order to manage the homecare equipment so as to eliminate such enormous costs (Nestor, par. 4). The Biomedical formed for such tasks considered accepting the offer and took over the management of homecare equipments. Thus, the article focuses on all the relevant success that was achieved by its approach in managing the home care. Though, there being a number of challenges in the hospital environmental setting such as strict regulations and standards to be complied with as well as equipment safety, biomedical complied with all without compromise. Repair and maintenance cost were reduced to a greater extent and patients would receive better home care equipments that are well fit and structured for their requirements (Nestor, par. 5). The overall management services and reputation improved since the two entities were able to work hand in hand by offering efficient services to patients without constraini ng their financial position (Nestor, 60). The article focuses on the services offered by a military trained equipment technician who worked in the same position for over twenty years (Reginald, par. 2). The main objective of home care device as evidence by KDA’s new latest device home use initiative is to make sure that patients and caregivers safety are in a position to use complex medical services in their homes. Among the many provisions stated, the initiative has measures for an enhanced postmarked surveillance through subnet work of medical devices. This is an advance vent reporting program that merges over 350 healthcare facilities all over the country (Reginald, par. 5). The technician was able to lean about the home care professionals who work in that environmental setting and different equipments available. Some of the home care has a number of

Conceptions of crime Essay Example for Free

Conceptions of crime Essay Conceptions of crime are distorted by exposure to media coverage. Discuss. This cours from coursework. inf coga ga . r se . ga . ga . w or. ga . . ga . k inga foga . ga . ! The media constitutes a major part of modern society and plays a large role in our lives. It is the prime source of information and entertainment, and moreover acts as a strong influence on public belief and opinion. The media is highly influential in coae ae . r se . ae . ae . w or. ae . . ae . k inae foae . ae . . shaping our views upon the world in which we live. When it comes to crime, coae ae .r se . ae . ae . w or. ae . . ae . k inae foae . ae . . however, do the reports shown by the media present an accurate picture of the true This cours from coursework. inf events? The more horrific the report, the more likely it is to capture the attention of the public, which obviously secures plenty of profit for media barons. Is our increasing reliance on an institution that relies on sensationalism to create profit unwise, as this could well mean that the facts they report lack truth? The media reinforces social myths by selective reporting, and thus presents a distorted view ofreality. This could be leading to an increasingly misconstrued public view of certain crimes. The media is a very powerful influence on the way in which we behave and how we view the world, therefore it is important that it shows a realistic picture of what is taking place in our society, otherwise we will gain a false perception of aspects such as crime. Is the media really portraying crime as it truly is, or is it selectively reporting the most colourful events in order to secure audiences and therefore profit? It is important to understand that there are many crimes that are completely ignored by the media, as they are not seen as ? newsworthy?. Usually only those that will capture public attention are mentioned. This means that the crimes that fill our screens and pages are usually violent or shocking in nature. From a functionalist perspective this can serve a positive function, as the deviant behaviour makes ordinary people feel safe in the knowledge that they are morally better than the criminal, and reporting of crimes and subsequent punishments can also serve as a deterrent to others and a good method of reinforcing the social order. However, there is also a certain degree of bias present in all reporting that stems from the integrated norms and moral background of the journalist involved. It is almost impossible to be completely objective when reporting, and most journalists will slant their stories to appeal to the widest possible audience. This is theorized in the hegemonic model, and works on the basis that the majority of journalists are likely to be white, male and middle-class and will therefore bring with them to their stories their own similar set of norms and values, be this unconsciously or otherwise. The editors will also carry out a selection process on the stories before they hit the public view; therefore it is highly unlikely that any crime report reaches the news in an unbiased state.? Journalists also tend to use a set of stereotypes, which serve to easily identify ? types? of people and reduce complexities of character to a series of ? bad guys? and ? good guys?. These can lead the public to make quick judgments, which may not be based on true fact.? The media? s presentation of stereotypical images can change the public opinion on certain groups in society, and may create a false picture of them that may be harmful. The groups most often portrayed as criminal are the less privileged and minority groups such as those from ethnic minorities. Because our lives are so deeply influenced by the media we begin to see the portrayal of these groups as a reality, and this may cause crimes committed by other groups or individuals (such as corporate crime in the middle class) to be overlooked or seen as less serious.? In addition, the police can make use of the media to help maintain social order by choosing what to tell reporters, as many news stories use police accounts as a major source for their information. A good example of the media distorting aspects of crime is shown with the reporting of women involved in criminal activity. The common media portrayal of women is more passive and much less inclined to commit crime, and when they do it is seen as less violent or shocking in nature, or as influenced by a stronger male personality, for example Myra Hindley was commonly said to have been under the influence of Ian Brady when the horrific Moors murders were committed. Media coverage usually concentrates on the most violent and shocking aspects of crime. This can often be far from the truth, and puts the public in fear when in reality there is a tiny chance of them falling victim. Listening to the news, it appears that the country is riddled with serial killers and rapists however official crime statistics would show that this is not the case. Reporting like this can lead to mass panic and fear across the country, and this aspect was investigated further by Stanley Cohen in his book ? Folk Devils and Moral Panics? where he studied the 1960s mods and rockers conflicts. The media? s handling of the fights between the rivals groups made it sound as if Brighton was full of riots and was a very dangerous place, when in reality this was a false picture of events. However, these stories grabbed the headlines, and as a result appealed to a large audience and gained lots of attention with the public. At the moment there is lots of media coverage about murders in Cornwall, and about the girl who was kidnapped and murdered on Dartmoor. The way these are reported makes people fearful that there is a serial killer on the loose, when in reality there is probably little chance of this happening to them and they should be more concerned with the more common but less ? colourful? crimes that threaten society, most of which would be much more obvious if the public were able to look at official crime statistics. This viewpoint fits in well with the idea of the media as a manipulative entity that is ideologically biased and therefore bases its selection of news on this fundamental bias. This manipulation theory is Marxist in origin and works on the idea that the public are passive and absorb the information that the media presents them with without question, and that the media consist of the ruling class who use media channels to perpetuate their views and opinions in society. Official statistics paint an interesting picture of the true nature of crime levels in society. It is a fact that crime rates have actually remained stable over the last year, after experiencing a period of decline. This challenges the constant media message that crime is everywhere and on the increase. When people were interviewed about crime rates many of them believed that crime was well on the increase, as result of a ? heightened degree of press coverage which particularly focused on a claimed rise in crime.? (Jon Simmons in the Home Office Report 2002).? It is a well-known fact that the media tend to emphasise aspects and types of crime that are violent or shocking, such as murder and rape, which affects the general population by creating huge worry about occurrences of violent crime when it is a statistical fact that one is over four times more likely to fall victim to burglary. Another form of media that can, and often does, present distorted representations of crime are television shows such as The Bill, Merseybeat or reality shows such as Crimewatch. For example Crimewatch focuses on catching criminals who have carried out violent crime and places little or no emphasis on occurrences of burglary or more ? normal? crimes, even though this type of crime is much more frequent. The Bill shows many incidents of violent crime, however also tends to show other less ? newsworthy? forms of crime such as theft which is a more realistic approach. coac ac . r se . ac . ac . w or. ac . . ac .k inac foac . ac . . There are a number of media influence models that attempt to explain the extent and nature of media influence. The manipulation theory presented earlier is one of these theories; however there are others that attempt to explain the media? s effect on society in different ways. The pluralist model argues that the public are not passive receptors but active participants with the ability to choose and form their own opinions from the vast variety of information presented by the media, whether about crime or about other social issues. The media only serve to reinforce the existing values that people possess. Tversky and Kahneman suggest that the easier it is to recall or imagine an event, the more likely we are to see it as risky or as frequent in occurrence (Tversky and Kahneman cit. 1994: 303). Therefore if this is correct then constant media coverage of violent crimes could lead us to believe that such crimes are the ones most likely to affect us. Mass media reporting can also serve as a substitute for direct experience, however research into this supports the pluralist model by showing that people are usually active consumers and interpreters rather than passive recipients. The issue at hand seems to be the growing difference between the way the public perceive crime and the reality as shown by official statistics. For some reason, society has a far greater fear of murder and other violent crime than is justified by the actual number of occurrence, when in reality there is far greater likelihood of incidences of burglary or car crime. So where do these fears stem from? The answer appears to be that they come from the way in which the media report crimes and how they select the most newsworthy aspects so that more papers will get sold and so viewing figures will increase. In conclusion it is an unavoidable fact that our society is so immersed in the media that its influence is hard to get away from. To a large extent, media does form our social world, however it is also true that people are active interpreters of information, and are able to utilize their own opinions on events and stories shown by the media. We are only taking in what the media offer to us not the real truth about what is happening. It is very easy for our conceptions of crime to be distorted by the way that the media portray it, as the only information we are receiving on the events is that which comes from the media. However if people really are actively interpreting and thinking about the true nature of crime levels, while attempting to broaden their horizons of information, then they will be more aware of the reality of the situation and our conceptions will be far less influenced by media constructed images and opinions. Bibliography Maguire, M, R. Reiner and R. Morgan. 2002 The Oxford Handbook Of Criminology New York: Oxford University Press Haralambos, M. 2000? Themes and Perspectives in Sociology? 4th edition Cohen, S and Young, J. 1973? The Manufacture Of News: Deviance, Social Problems and the Mass Media, London: Constable and Co Ltd.

Fairy Tale :: essays research papers

June Essay Fairy Tale There are so many different fairly tales to pick from, so I decided to make up my own version of ABobby and Steven Up The Bean Stock@. Once upon a time there was a 15 year old boy name Bobby who was extremely bored. Bobby was out building his motocross track and a bean fell from the sky right in front of him. He didn=t think anything of it, so he just kept building his jump, and he buried it over the jump. Bobby was getting thirsty so he went in the house to get a drink of gatorade. When he came back out to the jump he saw a weed sprouting out of the jump. But as usual he thought nothing of it and kept building. When he was done, he watered the whole track, and then got ready to ride. When he got geared up and ready to go he started going towards the hill and noticed a huge bean stock shooting out of his jump. He went into shock, he=d never seen such a thing. Since Bobby is a very curious person he hopped off his bike and called his friend Steven to tell him. But of course he didn=t believe Bobby. Steven came over anyway expecting to ride, but when he got there he was in for a surprise. After they both calmed down they got exited. Both of them loved to go on journeys, so they started climbing, and after 2 hours of climbing they reached the top. When they got there they took some time to look around. After that they found a huge castle, to big to imagine. So as usual they snooped around and went inside. There was a room full of gold, so they each carried small hunks out as fast as they could. Half way to the bean stock the clouds started to shake viciously. They both looked far into the clouds (good thing Bobby had his contacts on) and saw a huge ugly man running toward them. Bobby and Steven ran as fast as there feet could carry them. When they got to the bean stock, they threw the gold down then both started climbing down very fast, almo st sliding down. They cut there time down to 30 minutes instead of two hours.

Comparison of Moses and Odysseus Essay

The stories of heroes have been at the axis of nearly all cultures throughout history. Each different type of religion or culture has their own heroes or legends, each one of them having their differences to go along with the beliefs at hand. On the other hand, each and every hero also has their similarities, which therefore makes them the hero. The setting, events, and characters in each and every story may change, but the characteristics of the hero remain basically the same. Each person is usually made into a hero in a somewhat similar fashion. For example, many heroes begin as imperfect characters, and then begin some sort of quest which leads to them becoming a leader of what they are doing, and then the character goes through a personal transformation into a legendary hero of their people. Therefore, both Odysseus of the Greeks and Moses of the Jewish can both be considered as heroes to their people. In both cases, the person does not decide to be a hero, but they are instead chosen by a greater force, such as a god, to become the one. Both Moses and Odysseus perform three similar tasks. These are for the person to fulfill a destiny handed down to them by a greater power, undertake a journey where great sacrifices are made on his part to overcome difficult obstacles, and finally complete their legacy through the sharing of their stories for the greater good of the people that believe in the hero. Both Moses and Odysseus can be compared in that neither were perfect heroes, they both experienced some sort of quest, and they both experienced personal limitations along with a transformation. The major differences between Odysseus and Moses are mostly relative. They both share practically the same qualities. They are universal heroes who could exist in any culture, context or time. Just like Odysseus and Moses, many heroes are made from the same qualities and have similar stories about how they came to be heroes. As a young man, Moses murdered an Egyptian who was harassing a Jew. A savior who kills someone seems contradictory, but the action served as a metaphor for Moses’ freeing of the Jews from Egypt. Odysseus had a habit of raping, burning and looting villages, which is hardly appropriate conduct for someone who is supposed to bring peace to a civilization. However, his cunning proved useful in both defeating monsters and killing the suitors that had taken over his palace. The reality that each hero was and device of God or the Greek gods was important in both  cultures. Moses was picked by God to be the one who would free the Jews and take them across the desert and into the Promised Land. He spoke directly with God in the burning bush and through various angels. Information was given to Moses from God when instruction was needed. Similarly, Athena visited Odysseus frequently with Zeus’ consent through different disguises to help him along his journey. Though Greek and Hebrew culture varies, their heroes are considerably similar. Both Odysseus and Moses could represent model heroes in any culture at any time. But these universal heroes are not perfect as nobody on Earth is. Many heroes do something of questionable moral action at some point in their early life. As mentioned earlier, Odysseus was constant to raping, burning and pillaging villages, and continually had affairs though his wife Penelope always remained faithful. As also stated earlier, when Moses was young, he killed an Egyptian who was harassing a Jew. But these actions do not abolish they hero, they are instead necessary for the development of his character. Moses spoke directly with the Lord and was given specific instructions to embrace his destiny. He did not choose to lead the Hebrews out of Egypt, but God chose that destiny for him. Faced with many different challenges of his own, Odysseus also received a divine message, but it was from the goddess, Athena. The theme of being chosen by a higher power is a recurring theme that is seen in most hero stories of every culture. No matter when or where these heroes were destined for greatness, they each were a part of a quest or journey where they had to overcome many obstacles, trials, and tribulations. Odysseus’s voyage had to be completed before saving his people, while Moses’ exodus and his people’s salvation were simultaneous. In either case, the journey is vital to the hero in order for him to undergo a personal transformation into the legendary hero they became. Moses fought a Pharaoh, the desert, his own people, and himself during his long journey to the Promised Land. Odysseus also had a long journey home and while on that journey battled Poseidon, the sea, his men, and himself. Not only are the stories of The Odyssey and Exodus the similar, but the heroes, Odysseus and Moses, share many of the same attributes and behaviors. Both,  despite having murderous pasts, were chosen by their God or gods to be the savior of their people. Each had a specific limitation that directly interfered with the completion of their mission. And since they were helped by God or the Greek gods along the way, Moses and Odysseus ultimately had faith that they would be successful, regardless of the obstacles ahead. Their similarities exist on a personal level as well. Both heroes had to make great sacrifices for the good of the whole. They each underwent a personal transformation as a result of the trials they faced. And each learned a lesson that they passed on as a message for their people. The hero’s journey is also determined by how each story originated. The Hebrews passed down Moses and the Exodus orally, in the form of a linear story with a beginning, middle and end. Moses’ linear journey took the Jews out of Egypt, through the desert and to the Promised Land. In contrast, Homer’s poetic writing of the Odyssey is circular in that the ending is a new beginning. It begins and ends in Odysseus’ palace in Ithaca. Like the story, his journey back home is a circular one. In spite of all the divine intervention, Moses and Odysseus both had to overcome a personal limitation in order to become successful in their endeavors. The limitation itself was directly in contrast with their main task at hand. Moses was given the job of spokesman for all Jews, yet had poor public speaking skills. â€Å"O Lord, I have never been eloquent, neither in the past nor since you have spoken to your servant. I am slow of speech and tongue (Exodus 4:10).† Odysseus was sent home to save his people from a civil war, but his lust for conquest and adventure took him on many detours and prolonged his eminent return. Both were able to rise above these limitations. Perhaps the most shared attribute these heroes had been their faith that they would make it through the journey and complete their mission. Moses struggled with the Egyptians, the desert, God, his people and himself yet still believed that he would accomplish his goals set for him. Odysseus lost all his men, more than one ship, and continually battled monsters, weather, and captors but still succeeded due to his faith in Athena’s word that he would persevere. The way the hero acts towards outside events only tells half the story but the thoughts in his mind and soul makes up the rest. Odysseus and Moses both had to make sacrifices for the good of their people and both experienced a personal transformation during their quest for significance. The transformation of Moses was found in his lack of public speaking, which held him back from fully becoming a leader of the people. As he confronted the Pharaoh and commanded the Hebrew people, he eventually gained confidence in himself and his ability. Moses went from being a timid servant to an authoritative leader of a nation of God. He was responsible for constructing the ways of their new civilization. Likewise, Odysseus transformed from a restless adventurer to dependable husband and king. Both experienced an epic journey that altered them from within. In conclusion, both Odysseus of the Greeks and Moses of the Hebrews can be compared because they perform three similar tasks: to fulfill a destiny handed down by divine inspiration, undertake a journey where great sacrifices are made on his part to overcome difficult obstacles; like Odysseus traveling home after the Trojan War or Moses Leading his people out of Egypt, and finally, the mission is not complete until the message learned throughout is shared for the greater good of the people whom the hero represents. Neither Odysseus nor Moses was perfect, but they both experienced some sort of quest and overcame personal limitations, which led to their personal transformation into heroes. Because of all the parallels between Odysseus and Moses, there is not much surprise that they both exemplified the same message. Even though the messengers were different, whether it was Athena, a burning bush, or angels sent by God, the message is still the same: listen to and obey the words of one’s God/gods. This is the message they both brought back for their people to live by and led to their legacy as heroes of their culture.